Ultrasonic and Ultra sonogram (USG) – Introduction to fundamental concepts of Biological Science including the organization and common characteristics of living matters, cell structures and functions, food production by photosynthesis, harvesting energy, mechanism of cells reproduction, genetics, evolutions, and Human Biology. Introduction to general chemistry including basic concepts about matter, atomic structure, chemical bonds, gases, liquid, and solids, solutions, chemical reactions, acid, bases, and salt;
organic and biochemistry including hydrocarbons and their derivatives, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, nucleic acids; principles of physics and applications to nursing including gravity and mechanics, pressure, heat and electricity; nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, effects of radiation on human beings, and protection and disposal. The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills in general biological science, general chemistry and physics.
Ultrasonic and Ultra sonogram (USG)
Ultrasonography
Diagnostic ultrasound, also called sonography or diagnostic medical sonography, is an imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within the body. The images can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions.
Indications for Ultrasound
Ultrasound examinations can help to diagnose a variety of conditions and to assess organ damage following illness.
A. Ultrasound is used to help physicians evaluate symptoms such as:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Infection
B. Ultrasound is a useful way of examining many of the body’s internal organs, including but not limited to the:
- Heart and blood vessels, including the abdominal aorta and its major branches
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Kidneys
- Bladder
- Uterus, ovaries, and unborn child (fetus) in pregnant patients
- Eyes
- Thyroid and parathyroid glands
- Scrotum (testicles)
- Brain in infants
- Hips in infants
- Spine in infants
C. Doppler ultrasound images can help the physician to see and evaluate:
- Blockages to blood flow (such as clots)
- Narrowing of vessels
- Tumors and congenital vascular malformations
- Reduced or absent blood flow to various organs
- Greater than normal blood flow to different areas, which is sometimes seen in infections
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