Principles of Management – This book covers the entire syllabus of “Leadership & Management” prescribed by the BNMC for Diploma in Nursing Science & Midwifery Students.
We tried to accommodate latest information and topics. This book is examination friendly setup according to the teachers’ lectures and examination’s questions. At the end of the book previous university questions are given. We hope in touch with the pook students’ knowledge will be upgraded and flourished. The unique way of presentation may make your reading of the book a pleasurable experience.
Principles of Management
Henri Fayol is claimed to be the real father of modern management. He was a Frenchman born in 1841 and was working as an engineer with a mining company. He improved the condition of the company from virtual bankruptcy to high success.
From his practical experience, he developed some techniques. He brought out some 14. basic management principles, which he felt, could be used in all management situations, irrespective of the organizational framework.
He wrote a book entitled, General and industrial Management, in French that was later on translated into English. It is now considered as one of the classics of management literature.
The book mainly covers the aspects of the immutable and repetitive character of the management process and the concept that management can be taught in the classroom or the workplace. He also laid down the principles of management, which he deemed important for any organization.
Fayol’s “14 Principles” was one of the earliest theories of management to be created, and remains one of the most comprehensive. He’s considered to be among the most influential contributors to the modern concept of management, even though people don’t refer to “The 14 Principles” often today.
Henri Fayol’s Principles of Administration or Management
Since principles may be considered as widely accepted statements, which are found to be true and reflective of life situations to sum up with 14 principles of administration were identified by Henri Fayol as given below –
1. Division of work
2. Authority, responsibility and accountability
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination
7. Remuneration of personnel
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain of command
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure of personnel
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps
| 1. Division of work: | In any organization administrator or manager cannot perform all the activities to achieve its objective. So, there should be division of work according to managerial and non-managerial or according to job, which is grouped according to departments, e.g. department of nursing, department of pharmacy, department of medicine and so on. |
| 2. Authority, responsibility and accountability: | If the person has to perform job assignment effectively according to their own qualification and experience or convention, there should be delegation of authority and responsibility needed, which in turn helps to get accountability. |
| 3. Discipline: | For smooth running of administration to achieve objectives, there should be proper observance of the rules, regulations, norms, decorum, manners, code of ethics and respect. This requires to be enforced within the organization by the managers. |
| 4. Unity of command: | In any organization the subordinates should be supervised by a single superior to whom he/she should be accountable. |
| 5. Unity of direction: | In any organization, there should be one supervisor to give direction to his/her subordinates for the activities that support a single objectives. |
| 6. Subordination: | It is the individual interest to organizational interest. This implies that narrow selfish interest should be overcome or should turn to common and broad interest of the organization for its welfare, e.g. collective bargaining (more salary, more production). |
| 7. Remuneration of personnel: | There should be fair policy for payment to the personnel justifying the workload, job hazards, efficiency and quality of performance and responsibility by the management or employee. |
| 8. Centralization: | There should be a some amount of greater and larger authority resting with top level managers and other powers and functions are distributed to executives, co-executives and workers also to some extent. |
| 9. Scalar chain of command: | This implies that there is chain or link of directional instructions from the top, level to the lowest rank of organizational members in the hierarchy. |
| 10. Order: | In an administration, there should be proper, systematic arrangement of staff, materials, supplies and equipment according to requirement of specific job departments. |
| 11. Equity: | In an administration, there should be a fair and impartial treatment to all workers irrespective of their job all should be treated with equity and justice. |
| 12. Stability of tenure of personnel: | Organizations should make proper efforts to ensure stability and continuity in the tenure of personnel, which gives security and promotes productions. There should be prescribed tenure. |
| 13. Initiative: | Administration should always be encouraging initiative from each employee by allowing him/her freedom to do his/her best. |
| 14. Esprit de corps: | It refers to sense of belonging. This fosters the team spirit, i.e. the spirit of working together to achieve objectives effectively. |
Another Answer
Fayol’s principles are listed below:
1. Division of Work – When employees are specialized, output can increase because they become increasingly skilled and efficient.
2. Authority – Managers must have the authority to give orders, but they must also keep in mind that with authority comes responsibility.
3. Discipline – Discipline must be upheld in organizations, but methods for doing so can vary.
4. Unity of Command – Employees should have only one direct supervisor.
5. Unity of Direction – Teams with the same objective should be working under the direction of one manager, using one plan. This will ensure that action is properly coordinated.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest – The interests of one employee should not be allowed to become more important than those of the group. This includes managers.
7. Remuneration – Employee satisfaction depends on fair remuneration for everyone. This includes financial and non-financial compensation.
8. Centralization – This principle refers to how close employees are to the decision-making process. It is important to aim for an appropriate balance.
9. Scalar Chain – Employees should be aware of where they stand in the organization’s
hierarchy, or chain of command.
10. Order – The workplace facilities must be clean, tidy and safe for employees. Everything should have its place.
11. Equity – Managers should be fair to staff at all times, both maintaining discipline as necessary and acting with kindness where appropriate.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel – Managers should strive to minimize employee turnover. Personnel planning should be a priority.
13. Initiative – Employees should be given the necessary level of freedom to create and carry
out plans.
14. Esprit de Corps – Organizations should strive to promote team spirit and unity.
Importance of Management in Nursing Services:
Today all nurses are manager, whether they work for large hospital or community or any organization. They deal with other staffs that work with them and for them, they use resources wisely. Success of such organization largely depends on the quality of management as it helps to-
- Use human and material resources wisely and properly.
- Improve quality
- Improve skills
- Minimize the mal-utilization of resources.
- Minimize problems
- Maximum care
- Improve communication
- Improve interpersonal relationship
- Increase client satisfaction
- Increase staff motivation and
- Achieve the organizational goal as a whole.
Other importance of management as follows:
- It helps to achieve organizational policy and objective.
- It helps to the organizational people can achieve a desire goal.
- It is an important social process.
- It helps to minimize the mal-utilization of resources and problems.
- Management is essential because it makes plans directs employee and motivates them.
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