Emergency hormone-The course is designed for the basic understanding of anatomical structures and physiological functions of human body, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, respiratory system; cardiovascular system; urinary system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system, hematologic system, sensory organs, integumentary system, and immune system.The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills regarding anatomy and physiology.
Emergency hormone
Cortisol is called Emergency hormone/ Stress hormone:
Any types of stress such as trauma, infection, burn etc causes immediate & marked increase in ACTH secretion which in turn causes increase cortisol secretion. This cortisol causes rapid mobilization of amino acids & fatty acids from their cellular stores, making them available both for energy & for synthesis of other compounds like glucose needed by the different tissues of the body.
Besides, the amino acids are used to synthesize other intracellular substances such as purine, pyrimidine etc which are essential for maintenance of cellular life and reproduction of new cells. This preferential effects of cortisol in mobilizing amino acids make the amino acids available to the needy (stressed) cells to synthesize substances essential for life. This is why, Cortisol is called emergency or stress hormone.
(Ref: Guyton & Hall, 12hed, P-930.)
Epinephrine or Adrenalin
The effects of epinephrine & nor-epinephrine are almost same on the different organs and these effects are caused by direct sympathetic stimulation. The effects of epinephrine & nor-epinephrine are done by the 2 types of receptors –
- α adrenergic receptors: αl & α2
- β adrenergic receptors: β1, β2 & β3
Functions of Epinephrine:
A) Through α-receptor:
- Vasoconstriction.
- Pupil dilation.
- Intestinal relaxation.
- Intestinal sphincter contraction.
- Bladder sphincter contraction.
B) Through β-receptor:
- Vasodilatation (β²)
- Increase heart rate (β¹)
- Increase myocardial strength (β¹)
- Intestinal relaxation (β²)
- Uterus relaxation (β²)
- Bronchodilation (β²)
- Bladder wall relaxation (β²)
- Lipolysis (β¹)
- Calorigenesis (β²)
Dopamine
Physiological functions within the human body is unknown but the injected dopamine causes Renal vasodilatation.
- Mesenteric vasodilatation.
- ↑ed Systolic pressure but no change in diastolic pressure.
- ↑ed Force of contraction of the heart & Cardiac output.
- Very much useful in treating traumatic & cardiogenic shock. [very commonly used clinically
(Ref: Guyton Hall, 12 ed, P-733.)
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