Definition of Contraceptive – This book covers the entire syllabus of “Pharmacology” prescribed by BNMC- for diploma in nursing science & midwifery students. We tried to accommodate the latest information and topics. This book is an examination setup according to the teachers’ lectures and examination questions.

At the end of the book, previous questions are given. We hope in touch with the book students’ knowledge will be upgraded and flourish. The unique way of presentation may make your reading of the book a pleasurable experience.

Table of Contents

Definition of Contraception:

Contraception is the prevention of conception by methods other than abstinence from coitus.

Or,

Contraception is the deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse.

Or,

Any one of the methods of family planning used to prevent conception other than abstinence from coitus is known as contraception.

(Ref by: D. C. Dutta’s Gynae/7h/392+Prof. Latifa Shamsuddin/2/206)

Definition of Contraceptive

The contraceptives are the measures either temporary or permanent designed to prevent pregnancy.

Indications of Contraception:

It can be used in any part of life. In case of early marriage, they can use contraception, and may conceive later on.
Birth spacing-It will give good health both to the baby and mother.
Prevents obstetric complication (eg. Repeated foetal loss, hypertension, eclampsia).
Family limitation-Improve economic condition of the family.
It can also be used as emergency contraception.
Certain sexually transmittable disease transmission can be prevented by using contraception.

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Different types/Methods of contraception:

A. Temporary methods:

Methods	Types	Example
1. Barrier methods	a. Physical b. Chemical c. Combined	In male: Condom In female: Vaginal diaphragm Vaginal sponge Cervical cap Foams Creams, jellies & pastes Suppositories Soluble films Condom+ Jelly, condom+ ream
2. Behavioral method	a. Safe period (Rhythm method) b. Incomplete coitus c. Natural methods	Coitus interfemora Coitus interruptus Coitus reservatus Basal body temperature method Cervical mucus method Sympto-thermic method Breast feeding
3. Mechanical method: Intra-Uterine contraceptive devices(IUCD)	a. Non medicated b. Medicated	Lippes loop. Copper T. Progestarert
4. Hormonal methods	Oral pills b. Depot (slow release) formulations	Combined pill-(estrogen & progesterone) ✓ Monophasic, ✓ Biphasic, ✓ Triphasic Mini pill-progesterone only pill (POP) Sequential pill Post-coital pill Once-a-month pill Male pill (Gossypol) ✓Injectable : ✓DMPA, Subcutaneous implants- ✓Norplant, ✓Vaginal rings
5. Post-conceptional methods		Menstrual regulation (MR) Therapeutic abortion Dilatation & Curretage
6. Miscellaneous		Immuno-conception Non-hormonal pill Birth control vaccine

B. Terminal/Permanent methods (sterilization)

1. Male sterilization – Vasectomy

2. Female sterilization – Tubal ligation or tubectomy.

Ideal Contraceptive Methods:

Ideal contraceptive methods should fulfill the following criteria:

1. Widely acceptable

2. Inexpensive

3. Simple to use

4. Safe

5. Highly effective and

6. Requiring minimal motivation, maintenance, supervision

7. Can be administered by non-health care personnel

8. Independent of coitus

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