Concept of Contraception – This course is designed to understand the care of pregnant women and newborn: antenatal, intra-natal and postnatal; breast feeding, family planning, newborn care and ethical issues, The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and develop competencies regarding midwifery, complicated labour and newborn care including family planning.
Concept of Contraception
Contraception is the prevention of conception by methods other than abstinence from coitus.
or
Contraception is the deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse.
or
Any one of the methods of family planning used to prevent conception other than abstinence from coitus is known as contraception.
Definition of Contraceptive:
The contraceptives are the measures either temporary or permanent designed to prevent pregnancy.
Indications of Contraception:
- It can be used in any part of life. In case of early marriage, they can use contraception, and may conceive later on.
- Birth spacing-It will give good health both to the baby and mother.
- Prevents obstetric complication (eg. Repeated foetal loss, hypertension, eclampsia).
- Family limitation-Improve economic condition of the family.
- It can also be used as emergency contraception.
- Certain sexually transmittable disease transmission can be prevented by using contraception.
Different types/Methods of contraception:
| Methods | Types | Example |
A. Barrier methods | a. Physical | In male:
In female:
|
| b. Chemical |
| |
| c. Combined |
| |
B. Behavioral method | a. Safe period (Rhythm method) | |
| b. Incomplete coitus |
| |
| c. Natural methods |
| |
C. Mechanical method: Intra-Uterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) | a. Non medicated |
|
| b. Medicated |
| |
D. Hermonal methods | a. Oral pills |
|
| b. Depot (slow release) formulations |
✓ DMPA,
✓ Norplant, | |
| E. Post-conceptional methods |
| |
| F. Miscellaneous |
|
G. Terminal/Permanent methods (sterilization):
1. Male sterilization – Vasectomy
2. Female sterilization – Tubal ligation or tubectomy.
Aims of Contraception’s:
1. To limit the size of family.
2. Economic interest of the community is served.
3. It can reduce maternal mortality by preventing high risk pregnancy.
4. It can prevent unwanted pregnancies and consequent unsafe abortion. So it can reduce maternal death and morbidity.
5. By reducing family size, it promotes better quality of life.
6. To reduce infant mortality rate.
7. To prevent pregnancy that are too early, too frequent, too many and to prevent the number of unsafe abortion.
Ideal Contraceptive Methods:
Ideal contraceptive methods should fulfill the following criteria:
1. Widely acceptable
2. Inexpensive
3. Simple to use
4. Safe
5. Highly effective and
6. Requiring minimal motivation, maintenance, supervision
7. Can be administered by non-health care personnel
8. Independent of coitus
Natural Contraception:
Natural contraception is an extremely important method of contraception worldwide and may be the only one acceptable to some couples because of cultural & religious reasons. It requires abstinence from intercourse during the fertile period of the month.
The fertile period is calculated by various techniques such as-
- Changes in basal body temperature
- Changes in cervical mucosa
- Changes in the cervix S
- Multiple indices.
Permanent Contraceptive:
The definition of permanent contraception is any procedure that effectively prevents pregnancy for the rest of a person’s life.
or
Permanent contraception is methods of sterilization that prevent pregnancy permanently. The procedure for men is a vasectomy and for women it is tubal ligation.
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