Today is our topic of discussion Classification of Enema.
Classification of Enema
Classification of Enema
Soap water enema: It is otherwise called saline enema. In this normal saline (sodium chloride 1 teaspoon) to half liter of water.The amount of solution used for adult 500 to 1000 mL children 250 to 500 mL and infants 250 mL or less.
The temperature of the solution in adult 105 to 110°F and children 100°F.Oil enema: It is given to soften fecal matter in cases of serve constipation. The enema must be retained ½ or 1 hour to soften the feces.
Carminative enema: It is also called antispasmodic enema.It is given to relieve gaseous distension of abdomen by increasing peristalsis and expulsion of flatus. The solution used is 8 to 16 mL of turpentine mixed thoroughly with 600 to 1200 mL of soap solution. Milk and molasses 90 to 230 ml well mixed with equal quantity of warm milk
Anthelmintic enema: It is given to destroy and expel worms from the intestine cleansing enema must be given prior to anthelmintic enema so that the drug comes in direct contact with worms and the lining of intestine.
The solution used is infusion of quassia 15 g of chips to 600 mL of water or hypertonic saline solution sodium chloride 60 mL with 600 mL of water. The amount of solution given is 250 mL.
Cold enema: Cold enema or ice-water enema is given to reduce body temperature in hyperpyrexia and heat stroke. it is given in the form of colonic irrigations. The temperature of the solution is 80 to 90°F (27 to 32°C).
Glycerin enema: Glycerin enema is given to children to feverpatients and postoperative patient. Pure glycerin and water 1:2 are used.
Astringent enema: Astringent enema contracts the tissues and blood vessels checks bleeding and inflammation lessens the amount of mucus discharge and gives a temporary relief in the inflamed area. It is usually given in colitis and dysentery.
The solution used are tannic acid-25 g to 600 mL water. alum 30 g to 600 mL of water and silver nitrate 2% (silver nitrate is dissolved in the distilled water).Sedative enema: Sedative enema contains an anesthetic drug to produce anesthesia in the patient. The commonly used drugs are paraldehyde and over tin. Dose is given as per doctor’s order
Stimulant enema: Stimulant enema is given in the treatment of shock and collapse. Coffee enema is given in case of opium poisoning. Solution used are black coffee-1 tables spoon coffee powder to 300 mL of water and 15 mL of brandy added to 120 to 180 mL of glucose saline. The amount of solution used is 180 to 240 mL and the temperature of solution is 108 to 110°F (42 to 43°C).
Emollient enema: Emollient enema or starch enema is given in case of diarrhea to relieve irritation in an inflamed mucus membrane. The solution used is starch and opium Tr. Opium 1 to 2 mL added to 120 to 180 mL of starch mucilage or rice water. The temperature of the solution is 100 to 105°F (37.8 to 40.5°C).
Nutrient enema: It is given to supply food and fluids to the body. Selection of the fluids depends upon the ability of the colon to absorb it. Nutrient enema is particularly useful in conditions like hemophilia.
The solution used is normal saline, Glucose saline 250 mL 5% peptonized milk 120 mL, The amount of solution used is 110 to 1700 mL in 24 hours or 180 to 270 mL at 4 hourly intervals. The temperature of solution is 100°F (37.8°C).
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