Concept about Nursing Education – Behavioral sciences explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioral interactions between organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through the study of the past, controlled and naturalistic observation of the present and disciplined scientific experimentation and modeling.
It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation. Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society.
Concept about Nursing Education
Nursing education is the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals is what is included in the nursing education. Experienced nurses and other medical professionals are the ones who impart this education and experience to nursing students.
Most countries offer nurse education courses that can be relevant to general nursing or to specialized areas including mental health nursing, pediatric nursing and post-operation nursing. For autonomous registration as a nurse, courses last for four years. Post-qualification courses in specialist subjects within nursing are also provided in nursing education.
Nurse education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. This education is provided to nursing students by experienced nurses and other medical professionals who have qualified or experienced for educational tasks.
Definition of Nursing Education:
Nursing education is much more than a focus on facts, principles and concepts; it incorporates the concepts of learning and critical thinking as lifelong processes. Nursing education involves:
- A commitment to nursing as a practice-based profession,
- The acknowledgement of knowledge gaps,
- And the nurturance of inquiry.
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Nursing education brings changes in the behavior of student nurse so as to prepare her/him to perform his/her roles effectively as an individual and as a good responsible citizen.
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Nursing education is the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals.
Purpose/Objectives/Importance of Nursing Education:
- To understand the functional health patterns of human beings for holistic nursing.
- To prepare a nurse to plan for and increase the ability to give comprehensive nursing care.
- To prepare nurse who will provide expertized bed side quality nursing care in the hospital.
- Meets the needs of the individual, family in home in specific and educate the community in general.
- To provide integration of health services and social aspects, theory and practice in generalized public health nursing.
- To gain knowledge and skills.
- To develop the quality of care
- Develop of individual self-confidence.
- To integrate critical thinking and scientific knowledge to solve health problems.
- To provide therapeutic care to clients, for their well-being.
- To build collaborative relationships with the health care team.
- To establish nursing professionalism based on ethical and legal responsibilities.
- To foster nursing leaders who can actively cope with changes in national and international contexts.
- To demonstrate global servant leadership based on pioneer spirit and love.
- To ensure opportunities for initiative and resourcefulness, sense of responsibility for oneself and others with broad professional and cultural interest.
History of Nursing Education.
Nursing education attained a formal status in the 1860’s and that is where Florence Nightingale comes in. Many associate the history of nursing with Florence Nightingale alone, as she became a worldwide symbol for her services to nursing. She was the one responsible for setting up the first nurse training school at St Thomas’ Hospital, London, in 1860. Florence Nightingale devised a complete curriculum on nursing practices and for the first time nursing education was defined.
This was the point that nursing was being taken seriously by the world. In 1885, Japan came with the first nursing institute and the next year United States followed. Today, nursing has become a major industry with many areas of specializations.
Lillian Wald initiated the idea of visiting nursing when she began teaching a home nursing class in the late 1800s. Following the American Nurses Association and the Nurses and New Zealand initiative, other countries around the world began to regulate nurses on a national basis. Yale University in 1923 was the first nursing education that was established in the United States on the basis of education rather than the needs of hospitals.
Today nursing education has traveled the road to development to such an extent that it is available at college campuses, via online courses, and even through nursing continuing education. Men and women who want to become nurses can do so around their schedule and take advantage of all the study options for this amazing profession. This also includes proper specialization and allows for nursing continuing education. The History of Nursing is a sure shot sign that the future of this field is bright.
1860: Florence Nightingale created the first secular nursing school
Florence Nightingale is considered the creator of modern nursing. Because of social norms, most women in Nightingale’s day grew up to become wives and mothers. Nightingale rejected those customs, however, studying nursing despite the disapproval from her family.
She is perhaps most famous for her work caring for soldiers during the Crimean War. During that time, she was instrumental in decreasing the death rate through her focus on hygiene. In 1860, Nightingale funded and established the Nightingale Training School, which is now associated with King’s College London. She played a crucial role in introducing trained nurses to the world.
1911: The American Nurses Association was established
The American Nurses Association actually began in 1896 as the Nurses Associated Alumnae, which primarily worked to improve nursing care for soldiers. At that time, no licensing regulations existed in the nursing field, however.
After North Carolina became the first state to pass a law that helped standardize the field of nursing in 1903, other states began to follow suit. The Nurses Associated Alumnae changed its name to the American Nurses Association in 1911 and now represents registered nurses throughout the country. Its mission is to create touchstones for the nursing industry and improve the working environment for registered nurses.
1923: Yale Nursing School was founded
The first independent nursing school in the United States, Yale Nursing School accepted women into its program. This was an uncommon practice in colleges and universities of that day. 15 Most Affordable Best Online RN to BSN Nursing Degree Programs Yale’s Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree program was established in 1925.
Before attending the program, students had to gain a general college education elsewhere. That requirement changed in 1934, when students were required to earn a bachelor’s degree at another college or university before applying for Yale Nursing School.
1974: The first hospice program was created in the United States
Florence Wald was interested in nursing after spending a great deal of time in a hospital as a child because of a respiratory illness. She worked as a nurse, professor and researcher throughout her career.
In the 1960s, Wald started to become interested in the care of terminally ill patients. She believed that at that point in their lives, those individuals should focus on connecting with loved ones instead of going through treatment after treatment for an incurable disease. In 1974, Wald launched a hospice program that provided in-home care for people with life-threatening diseases.
1992: The first registered nurse is elected to the United States Congress
Eddie Bernice Johnson did not begin her career expecting to go into politics. Johnson first earned a bachelor’s degree in nursing and then went on to obtain a Master of Public Administration. She was the first African American to work as Chief Psychiatric Nurse in the Dallas Veterans Administration Hospital, where she served for 16 years. Johnson was elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1972 and to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1992.
Once nursing education began to develop, the nursing profession grew rapidly. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, job opportunities for registered nurses are expected to increase by 16 percent until 2014. Registered nurses manage patient care and provide emotional guidance and support to patients and their loved ones.
Nursing Education in Bangladesh
There are three forms of pre-service education in nursing; one is Diploma in Nursing science & midwifery with 9775 seats and another is B.Sc. in Nursing with 3740 seats. In addition to pre- service education, the scope of in-service (post-basic) education for building the capacity of nurses as nurse manager; nurse teacher; nurse administrator and nurse leader is available in 4 Colleges with 500 seats.
These are College of Nursing, Mohakhali, Dhaka; Bogra Nursing College, Bogra; Fouzderhat Nursing College, Fouzderhat, Chittagong; and Khulna Nursing College, Khulna. The scope for foreign students are (05 seats) available only in College of Nursing, Mohakhali, Dhaka. Recently Diploma in Midwifery education is introduced in nursing education with 1535 seats.
A. Pre-service Education:
A.1. Diploma in Nursing
There are 43 Nursing Institutes with 2580 seats are operationalized and providing 3-years Diploma in Nursing Science and Midwifery course since 2008. In meeting the demand of the country approval has already been obtained from the ECNEC for establishing 05+02 more nursing institutes (it is also included in the RPIP) where 250 seats will be available for admission. Beside these 50 seats are available in Armed Forces Nursing Institute and 1520 are in private NIs (39 NIs).
A.2. B. Sc. in Nursing
Nursing Institute attached to Dhaka Medical College Hospital; Mymensingh Medical College Hospital; Rajshahi Medical College Hospital; Chittagong Medical College Hospital have been upgraded to Nursing Colleges and providing 4-years B.Sc in Nursing since 2008. Other 3 (Three) attached to the Medical College Hospital, Barisal; Medical College Hospital, Rangpur; and Medical College Hospital, Sylhet have also been upgraded to Nursing Colleges and providing 4- years B.Sc in Nursing since 2011.
A total of 1435 seats are available for the candidates having H.Sc. with science background. There are 48 Nursing Colleges in the private sector also opens the scope for 2305 students to study 4-years BSc in Nursing.
B. Post-Basic (In-service) Education:
The College of Nursing with 125 seats was established in 1970. It has been affiliated with the Dhaka University under the Faculty of Medicine in 1977 as a constituent College for the B.Sc in Nursing and BSc in Public Health Nursing Degrees.
There are other colleges at Bogra, Khulna and Fowzderhat with 375 seats (among them 475 are for home and 5 for foreign students) started the same programme from 2011. Approximately 1500 nurses have been qualified with B.Sc. in Nursing and Public Health Nursing from the College of Nursing since its birth.
The affiliated hospitals for clinical practice include Dhaka Medical College Hospital; The National Institute for Cardio-Vascular Diseases; The Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital; National Institute of Cancer & Research; Institute of Child and Maternal Health, Matuail; BIRDEM; Drug Addiction Hospital, Tejgaon; Paediatric hospital; Ad-din Hospital; and National Institutes of Kidney Diseases and Urology.
In addition to these, students are also been placed in the communities for community practice. Having the B.Sc. Degree few nurses get the chance of promotion either in education or services sector.
Specialized Course:
The specialized course on CCU; ICU and Cardiac Nursing is available in the National Heart Foundation, Mirpur. The opportunity is open for 20 nurses only. Rehabilitation Nursing is available in BHPI (CRP), Savar. The scope of having this course is limited for 20 nurses only.
Current Trends of Nursing Education
Since the profession of nursing is synonymous with change, nursing education is also experiencing ongoing and rapid evolution due to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. As such, there are numerous trends directly related to changes in the areas of healthcare, nursing research, and technology that directly affect learning strategies.
Watch out for these 5 current trends in nursing education:
Technology – Technological advances in areas such as nanotechnology and high-fidelity simulation (HFS) will necessitate changes in the nursing curriculum. This is to ensure that those who are entering the nursing profession are prepared to use these technologies. Furthermore, lab experiences that include the use of an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) simulation are now standard.
Patient Education – Healthcare facilities expect nursing schools to prepare nursing students for the work setting by teaching nursing students in-depth patient education skills. These facilities tend to place a high level of value on these skills because they get reimbursed by Medicare under the Pay for Performance Model.
Here’s why: quality patient education, from admission through discharge, plays a large role in ensuring that patients have the knowledge to take care of their health. They hope that the educated and empowered patient will be able to avoid being readmitted to the hospital within thirty days of discharge. Otherwise, this readmission will affect their bottom line. Furthermore, patients now have easy access to their EMR and will have questions about the documentation contained in it.
Alternative and Complimentary Therapies – Nursing education will need to focus on alternative and complimentary therapies within their curriculum as the trend of non-traditional healthcare becomes mainstream. The medical community is becoming more open to some forms of alternative medicine. However, there is still hesitation about the effectiveness of many of these treatments.
Holistic Nursing – Unlike traditional medicine that is disease-focused, nursing is focused on preventative care. Furthermore, as the demand for alternative and complimentary therapies has grown, so has the need for holistic nurses who focus on the healing the whole patient. Increased focus on the holistic treatment of the patient will be integrated in nursing curriculum.
Nursing Roles – The changing face of healthcare and the accessibility of health insurance will lead to expanding career opportunities for nurses. New career opportunities will necessitate the need for collaborative and interdisciplinary teaching strategies and curricula.
For example, nurse entrepreneurship is an emerging specialty that is gaining momentum because some states allow independent practice for advanced practice nurses. Business and management course content would be beneficial for nurses, in addition to the integration of the liberal arts in the nursing curriculum.
These 5 trends can only make nursing education better. As new nurses would learn from their experienced colleagues, these changes have led to a redesign of the nursing curriculum in the past, eventually affecting many aspects of the profession. These include a shift to an abbreviated standard for care plans and a better nurse licensing exam, which was previously administered over a two-day period.
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