Today is our topic of discussion Administration of Medicines Terminology.
Administration of Medicines Terminology
TERMINOLOGY
Pharmacotherapeutics: It deals with the relative effects of drugs in human systems for various disorders.
Pharmacokinetics: It is the study of genetically induced drug responses that are often responsible for some idiosyncratic (unexplainable) responses.
Pharmacodynamics: It deals with experimental science pertaining to theories of drug action.
Pharmacokinetics: It is the study of how drugs enter the body, reach their site of action, are metabolized and eliminated from the body.
Absorption: It is the passage of drug molecules into the blood. To exert therapeutic effect the drugs mist depend on the physical properties of the drug, route of administration, presence or absence of food in the stomach and interaction with the drugs.
Distribution: After a drug is absorbed, it is distributed within the body, to tissues and organs and ultimately to its specific site of action.
Metabolism: Alter a drug reaches its site of action, it is metabolized into an inactive form, detoxified and degraded chiefly by liver. Also the lungs, kidneys, blood and intestines metabolize drugs.
Excretion/Elimination: When drugs are metabolized they exit the body through the kidneys, liver, bowels and exocrine glands.
Drug: It is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief or prevention of a disease. The terms “medication”, medicine, medicinal are used synonymously with the term “drug” A drug cannot repair diseased tissues or organs.
It can only facilitateb normal cellular functions. Drugs are given to produce a “therapeutic effect” but these may also cause secondary effects and lethal effects. A single medication may have many therapeutic effects. For example, aspirin is an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. It reduces platelet count .
Side-effects: Unintended but anticipated secondaryneffects, which may be harmless or injurious .
Adverse reaction: It is the secondary effect which reflects the drug’s action on other areas of the body.
Toxic effects: Usually develop after a prolonged intake of high doses of medication due to accumulation of drug in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion .
Lethal effects: Excess amount of drugs within the body may have a lethal effect.
latrogenic disease: Disease caused unintentionally by drug therapy. Hepatic toxicity resulting in biliary obstruction .
Idiosyncratic reaction: When the client over-reacts or under-reacts to a drug or has a reaction different from normal.
Allergic reaction: It is an unpredictable immunological response after exposure to an initial dose of medication. A drug allergy may be mild or severe (Anaphylactic reaction). Common allergy symptoms are urticaria, eczema, pruritus and rhinitis.
Drug abuse: It is inappropriate intake of a substance either continually or periodically. It has two main facets: drug dependence and drug habituation.
Drug dependence: It is an individual’s physiological or psychological reliance on or need to take a drug or substance.
Drug habituation: It denotes a mild form of psychological dependence. The habituated individual develops the habit of taking the substance and feels better after taking it.
Drug tolerance: An increase in dosage may be needed to cause a therapeutic effect in persons with low metabolism in response to a drug.
Drug interaction: When one drug modifies the action of another drug interaction occurs.
Synergistic effect: When the physiological action of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of the drugs when given separately. For example, diuretics and vasodilators act together to keep the blood pressure at a desirable level.
Antagonist: Drugs that have no special pharmacological action of their own but inhibit or prevent the action of a drug to produce a response.
Bioavailability: The proportion of the administered dose of a drug, which reaches the circulation.
Pharmacological/Chemical name: It provides an exact description of the drug’s composition. An example of its chemical name is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), which is commonly known as aspirin .
Trade name/Brand name: The name under which a manufacturer markets a drug. A drug may have many different trade names.
Generic name: The name that is proposed by the company that first develops the drug Material Media: It is a record/book which deal with source, physical and chemical properties, preparations and uses of drugs .
Pharmacopeias: It is an official document containing . a list of drugs which have established their use. It contains a description of physical properties and tests for identification, purification and potency of drugs .
Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMS): It is published every month. It contains information on drugs, their trade names, along with the name of the manufacturing company with indications and contra- indications of the drug, cost of the product .
Formulary: It is a collection of formulas and prescriptions.
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