Cocept About Antipyretics – This book covers the entire syllabus of “Pharmacology” prescribed by BNMC- for a diploma in nursing science & midwifery students. We tried to accommodate the latest information and topics. This book is an examination set up according to the teachers’ lectures and examination questions.
At the end of the book, previous questions are given. We hope in touch with the book students’ knowledge will be upgraded and flourish. The unique way of presentation may make your reading of the book a pleasurable experience.
Cocept About Antipyretics
Anti-Pyretic Drug
Anti-pyretics are the agents that lower the body temperature in pyrexia.
Or,
An antipyretic is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.
Classification of anti-pyretics
A. Physical means:
- Ice bag
- Cold bath
- Tepid sponging
- Ice pack.
B. Drugs:
1. Central anti-pyretics:
- Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
- Phenacetin
- Ellairages saisto Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin)
- + Na salicylates
2. Specific anti-pyretics:
- Ampicilin
- Amoxacillin
- Cotrimoxazole
- Chloramphenicol
3. Diaphoretics:
- Pilocarpine
- Nitrites
4. Miscellaneous:
- Morphine
- Apomorphine
- Chlorpromazine
Opioids
Codeine:
An opium alkaloid, qualitatively similar to and less potent than morphine, but is more selective for cough centre. Codeine is regarded as the standard antitussive; suppresses cough for about 6 hours. The antitussive action is blocked by naloxone indicating that it is exerted through opioid receptors in the brain. Abuse liability is low, but present; constipation is the chief drawback. At higher doses respiratory depression and drowsiness can occur, especially in children. Driving may be impaired. Like morphine, it is contraindicated in asthmatics and in patients with diminished respiratory reserve; should be avoided in children.
Dose: 10-30 mg; children 2-6 years 2.5-5 mg, 6-12 years 5-10 mg, frequently used as syrup codeine phos. 4-8 ml.
Ethylmorphine:
It is closely related to codeine which is methylmorphine, and has antitussive, respiratory depressant properties like it, but is believed to be less constipating.
Dose: 10-30 mg TDS
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