Concept About Diclofenac – This book covers the entire syllabus of “Pharmacology” prescribed by BNMC- for a diploma in nursing science & midwifery students. We tried to accommodate the latest information and topics. This book is an examination set up according to the teachers’ lectures and examination questions.
At the end of the book, previous questions are given. We hope in touch with the book students’ knowledge will be upgraded and flourish. The unique way of presentation may make your reading of the book a pleasurable experience.
Concept About Diclofenac
Pharmacological actions of Diclofenac
1. Potent anti-inflammatory action.
2. Potent analgesic action.
3. Potent anti-pyretic action.
Mechanism of action of Diclofenac
Diclofenac is a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme thereby inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins.
Pharmacokinetics of Diclofenac
1. Routes of administration: Oral, injection
2. Absorption: Rapid from the GIT
3. Peak plasma level: Within 2 hours
4. Plasma half-life: 12 hours
5. Distribution: Highly protein bound.
The drug is actively accumulated in synovial fluid, which may account for its long therapeutic effects).
Indications of Diclofenac
1. Rheumatic arthritis.
2. Osteoarthritis.
3. Ankylosing spondylitis.
4. Acute musculoskeletal injury.
5. Tendinitis.
6. Post-operative patient.
Piroxicam
1. Piroxycam is an oxicam derivative having anti-inflammatory. analgesic and anti-pyretic activity.
2. The principal advantage of piroxicam is its long half-life which permits the administration of a single daily dose.
3. Piroxicam may be tolerated better than aspirin as indomethacin
Pharmacological properties of piroxicam
1. Anti-inflammatory effect.
2. Anti-pyretic effect.
3. Analgesic effect.
4. Alter the function of platelets (prolongs bleeding time)
Anti-inflammatory effect of piroxicam
1. Piroxicam is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. It inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase So, prostaglandin synthesis is arrested (prostaglandin is a mediator of inflammation).
2. Piroxicam can also inhibits the activation of neutrophils even when products of cyclooxygenase are present; hence additional modes of anti-inflammatory action have been proposed.
Adverse effects of piroxicam
1. Gastric erosions (peptic ulcer)
2. Prolongs bleeding time.
3. Broncho-constriction.
Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
A. NSAIDS.
Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
B. DMARDs (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs). Or, SAARDs (slow acting anti- rheumatic drugs).
1. Gold compounds (sodium aurothiomalate)
2. Penicillamine
3. Hydroxychloroquine
4. Chloroquine
5. Methotrexate
6. Azathioprine
7. Cyclophosphamide
8. Corticosteriods
9. Sulfasalazine
10. Levamisole (anthelmintic drug)
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