Concept about Electricity – Introduction to fundamental concepts of Biological Science including the organization and common characteristics of living matters, cell structures and functions, food production by photosynthesis, harvesting energy, mechanism of cells reproduction, genetics, evolutions, and Human Biology. Introduction to general chemistry including basic concepts about matter, atomic structure, chemical bonds, gases, liquid, and solids, solutions, chemical reactions, acid, bases, and salt;
organic and biochemistry including hydrocarbons and their derivatives, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, nucleic acids; principles of physics and applications to nursing including gravity and mechanics, pressure, heat and electricity; nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, effects of radiation on human beings, and protection and disposal. The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills in general biological science, general chemistry and physics.
Concept about Electricity
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. In early days, electricity was considered as being not related to magnetism. Later on, many experimental results and the development of Maxwell’s equations indicated that both electricity and magnetism are from a single phenomenon: electromagnetism.
Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field.
Definition of Electricity:
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.
Or
A type of energy fueled by the transfer of electrons from positive and negative points within a conductor. Electricity is widely used for providing power to buildings, electric devices, and even some automobiles.
Common Sources/ Forms of Energy
Here are the six most common forms of energy.
1. Chemical energy. This is stored, or “potential,” energy. Releasing chemical energy from carbon-based fuels generally requires combustion like the burning of coal, oil, natural gas, or a biomass such as wood.
2. Thermal energy. Typical sources of thermal energy include heat from underground hot springs, combustion of fossil fuels and biomass or industrial processes.
3. Kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is movement, which occurs when water moves with tides or flows downstream, or when air moves wind turbines in the wind.
4. Nuclear energy. This is the energy stored in the bonds inside of atoms and molecules. When nuclear energy is released, it can emit radioactivity and heat (thermal energy) as
well.
5. Solar energy. Energy radiates from the sun and the light rays can be captured with photovoltaics and semiconductors. Mirrors can be used to concentrate the power. The sun’s heat is also a thermal source.
6. Rotational energy. This is the energy derived from spinning, typically produced by mechanical devices such as flywheels.
Importance of electricity:
Energy may be needed as heat, light, as motive power etc. The present-day advancement in science and technology has made it possible to convert one form of energy to another desired form of energy. Electrical energy is superior to other forms of energy due to the following reasons.
➤ Convenient form: Electrical energy is a very convenient form of energy compared to the other form of energy. Because it can be easily converted from one form to the desired form of energy. For example, if we need to convert electrical energy into heat energy. It requires only to pass the electrical energy through high resistive wire e.g. heater. Similarly, if we want to convert electrical energy into light energy, we will use an electric bulb, electrical energy to mechanical energy through electric motors etc.
➤ Easy control: The electrically operated machines have very simple and convenient technique to control and operate. For example, an electric motor can be started or stop just by using a switch. Similarly, with a simple arrangement, we can control the speed of an electric motor in a range.
➤ Flexibility: The most important factor of the superiority of electrical energy over other forms of energy is the flexibility that it provides. It can be easily transferred from one location to other location with the help of conductors.
➤ Less expensive: Electrical energy is the most economical form of energy among over all forms. It is much cheaper than other energies. It can be widespread use for a domestic, industrial and commercial purpose.
➤ Higher transmission efficiency: The consumers of electrical energy are generally situated at a distance from the generation center. The electrical energy can be easily transmitted from the generation center to the consumers with the help of overhead transmission lines very conveniently and efficiently.
Effects of Electricity on the Human Body:
1. Electric shocks are given for diagnostic purpose.
2. Electric shocks are administered for treatment of nervous and muscular disorders.
3. The central nervous system is most susceptible to electric injury. In an electric shock if current flow through the brain is large, person may become unconscious.
4. Death from electric shock is usually through cardiac or respiratory arrest.
Precautions against Static Electricity:
➤ Avoid wearing rubber-soled footwear: Rubber is an excellent insulator, and so wearing rubber-soled shoes may create a significant amount of static in your body.
➤ Apply grounding in your home appliances: Some of the devices in your house may collect static electricity over time, if there’s no way to discharge them. Make sure that your appliances have a grounding mechanism in order to release the excess static.
➤ Ground yourself: If you think you may be carrying some static electricity, touch an inert metal object to discharge the electricity.
➤ Keep indoor air humid: Dry air increases the risk of static electricity buildup in your home. The best way to address this is to keep the relative humidity above 30%. A humidifier may do the trick.
➤ Keep skin moisturized: If your skin is dry, it has a higher likelihood of developing static electricity. You may apply lotion or moisturizer on your hands and skin.
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