Concept about Gynecomastia – The course is designed for the basic understanding of anatomical structures and physiological functions of human body, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, respiratory system; cardiovascular system; urinary system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system, hematologic system, sensory organs, integumentary system, and immune system.The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills regarding anatomy and physiology.
Concept about Gynecomastia
gynecomastia
Development of a large breast in male is called gynecomastia.
Cause:
i. Tumors of germinal epithelium.
ii. Liver cirrhosis.
iii. Drugs.
pregnancy test, parturition and Surgical Sterilization
Pregnancy test
In the adult healthy woman amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) is the first sign pregnancy, but it in many other conditions as well. Therefore, detection of early pregnancy is made possible by certain pregnancy tests. The pregnancy detection tests are based on presence of Human Chorionic Gonadotropins (HCG) in the urine of pregnant lady.
Parturition
Parturition is the process by which baby is born. It may occur any time between 37th to 40th weeks of gestation. The uterine myometrium and cervix play an important role for this process. From the functional point of view, mechanics of parturition mainly involves :-
- Uterine contractions and
- Cervical dilatation
Surgical Sterilization
Sterilization is a procedure that renders an individual incapable of reproduction. The most common means of sterilization of males is vasectomy, in which a portion of each ductus deferens is removed. Even though sperm production continues in the testes after a vasectomy, sperm can no longer reach the exterior.
Instead, they degenerate and are destroyed by phagocytosis. Blood testosterone level is normal, so a vasectomy has no effect on sexual desire or performance.
Sterilization in females most often is achieved by performing a tubal ligation, in which both uterine tubes are tied closed and then cut. As a result, the secondary oocyte cannot pass through the uterine tubes, and sperm cannot reach the oocyte.
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