Concept About Hypertension – This book covers the entire syllabus of “Pharmacology” prescribed by BNMC- for diploma in nursing science & midwifery students. We tried to accommodate the latest information and topics. This book is an examination setup according to the teachers’ lectures and examination questions.

At the end of the book, previous questions are given. We hope in touch with the book students’ knowledge will be upgraded and flourish. The unique way of presentation may make your reading of the book a pleasurable experience.

Table of Contents

Concept About Hypertension

Hypertension is a very common disorder, particularly past middle age. It is not a disease in itself, but is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The cutoff manometric reading between normotensives and hypertensives is arbitrary.

Hypertension:

Persistent rise of blood pressure above normal level according to the age and sex called hypertension. Normal limit of Blood pressure

Systolic: 100-140 mm Hg ( 120 +/-20).
Diastolic: 60-90 mm Hg (75+/-15).

Classification of hypertension:

Category	Systolic ( mmof Hg)	Diastolic (mm of Hg)
Optimal BP	<120	<80
Normal BP	<130	<85
High normal BP	130-139	85-89
stage 1 (mild)	140-159	90-99
Stage 1 (moderate)	160-179	100-109
Stage 3 (Severe)	180	110

Causes of hypertension:

A. Primary or essential hypertension:

1. Genetic factors.

2. Environmental factors:

Obesity
Alcohol intake
Salt intake

3. Humoral factors:

Catecholamines
Renin angiotensin system
Atrial natriuretic peptide

B. Secondary hypertension:

1. Renal causes:

Chronic glomerulonephritis
Congenital polycystic kidney disease Chronic atrophic pyelonepunut

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2. Endocrine causes:

Conn’s disease
Adrenal hyperplasia
Phaeochromocytoma
Cushing s syndrome
Acromegaly
Thyrotoxicosis
Liddles syndrome

3. Cardiovascular causes:

Renovascular hypertension
Coarctation of aorta

4. Drugs

Oral contraceptive
Anabolic steroids
Corticosteroids
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Carbenoxolone

5. Pregnancy

Hydralazine (IM)
Nifedipine (sublingually)
Na-nitroprusside (IV)
Labetalol

6. Maintenance therapy: oral anti-hypertensive’s such as b-blockers or diuretics of no contraindication.

7. Sedatives: Tab, Diazepam 5mg orally at bed time 8. Monitoring of urinary output, plasma electrolytes

9. Correction of complication.

10. Is to reduce BP to 150/90 over a period of 24-36 hours. Any one of the following drugs is used-

Read more:

Nursing Pharmacology | Diploma in Nursing Science and Midwifery

Concept About Hypertension | CHAPTER-10 | Pharmacology