Concept about Internet – This book covers the entire syllabus of “Computer & Information Technology” prescribed by the BNMC for B.Sc. in Nursing Science & Diploma in Nursing Science & Midwifery students. We tried to accommodate the latest information and topics.
This book is an examination setup according to the teachers’ lectures and examination questions. We hope in touch with the book students’ knowledge will be upgraded and flourished. The unique way of presentation may make your reading of the book a pleasurable experience.
Concept about Internet
The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world. It includes several high-band width data lines that comprise the Internet “backbone.” These lines are connected to major Internet hubs that distribute data to other locations, such as web servers and ISPs.
In order to connect to the Internet, you must have access to an Internet service provider (ISP), which acts the middleman between you and the Internet. Most ISPs offer broadband Internet access via a cable, DSL, or fiber connection. When you connect to the Internet using a public Wi-Fi signal, the Wi-Fi router is still connected to an ISP that provides Internet access. Even cellular data towers must connect to an Internet service provider to provide connected devices with access to the Internet.
The Internet provides different online services. Some examples include:
- Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser
- Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
- Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
- Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the Internet
- Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from the Internet
In the early days of the Internet, most people connected to the Internet using a home computer and a dial-up modem. DSL and cable modems eventually provided users with “always-on” connections. Now mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones, make it possible for people to be connected to the Internet at all times.
The Internet of Things has turned common appliances and home systems into “smart” devices that can be monitored and controlled over the Internet. As the Internet continues to grow and evolve, you can expect it to become an even more integral part of daily life.
Definition of Internet:
The Internet is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 190 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions.
or
The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world.
or
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.
Use/Function of Internet:
1. Communication
- We can communicate with the people living far away from us with extreme ease through using internet.
- Communication is the most important gift that the internet has given to the common man. Email, social networking sites are some of the prime example of it.
2. Research
- In order to do research you need to go through hundreds of books as well as the references and that was one of the most difficult jobs to do earlier.
3. Education
- Education is one of the best things that the internet can provide.
4. Financial Transaction
- Financial transaction is the term which is used when there is exchange of money. With the use of internet in the financial transaction, your work has become a lot easier.
5. Real Time Updates
- This has been mentioned here in regards to the news and other happenings that may be on-going in different parts of the world but with the use of internet we come to know about it very easily and without any difficulty.
6. Leisure
- You can pass your leisure time by watching your favorite videos to listening songs, watching movies, playing games, chatting with the loved ones.
7. Online Booking
- Today everything is available at the mouse click. This has been possible only because of the internet.
8. Job Search
- Job search is one such thing which required updates from every corner as well the patience from the person searching for it.
9. Blogging
- There are many people who are very much interested in writing blogs and for them internet is the best place.
10. Shopping
- Shopping has now become one of the most pleasing things to do using the internet.
Importance/Advantages of Internet:
- Information on almost every subject imaginable.
- Powerful search engines
- Ability to do research from your home versus research libraries.
- Information at various levels of study. Everything from scholarly articles to ones directed at children.
- Message boards where people can discuss ideas on any topic. Ability to get wide range of opinions. People can find others that have a similar interest in whatever they are interested in.
- The internet provides the ability of emails. Free mail service to anyone in the country.
- Platform for products like SKYPE, which allow for holding a video conference with anyone in the world who also has access.
- Friendships and love connections have been made over the internet by people involved in love/passion over similar interests.
- Things such as Yahoo Answers and other sites where kids can have readily available help for homework.
- News, of all kinds is available almost instantaneously. Commentary, on that news, from every conceivable viewpoint is also available.
Disadvantages of Internet:
- There is a lot of wrong information on the internet. Anyone can post anything, and much of it is garbage.
- There are predators that hang out on the internet waiting to get unsuspecting people in dangerous situations.
- Some people are getting addicted to the internet and thus causing problems with their interactions of friends and loved ones.
- Pornography that can get in the hands of young children too easily.
- Easy to waste a lot of time on the internet. You can start surfing, and then realize far more time has passed than you realized. Internet and television together of added to the more sedentary lifestyles of people which further exacerbates the obesity problem.
- Internet has a lot of “cheater” sites. People can buy essays and pass them off as their own far more easily than they used to be able to do.
- There are a lot of unscrupulous businesses that have sprung up on the internet to take advantage of people.
- Hackers can create viruses that can get into your personal computer and ruin valuable data.
- Hackers can use the internet for identity theft.
- It can be quite depressing to be on the internet and realize just how uneducated so many people have become in today’s society.
Advantages of Using Internet in Medical Sector:
1. Decreased Costs: When healthcare providers take advantage of the connectivity of the healthcare solutions, patient monitoring can be done on a real time basis, thus significantly cutting down on unnecessary visits by doctors. In particular, home care facilities that are advanced are guaranteed to cut down on hospital stays and re- admissions.
2. Improved Outcomes of Treatment: Connectivity of health care solutions through cloud computing or other virtual infrastructure gives caregivers the ability to access real time information that enables them to make informed decisions as well as offer treatment that is evidence based. This ensures health care provision is timely and treatment outcomes are improved.
3. Improved Disease Management: When patients are monitored on a continuous basis and health care providers are able to access real time data, diseases are treated before they get out of hand.
4. Reduced Errors: Accurate collection of data, automated workflows combined with data driven decisions are an excellent way of cutting down on waste, reducing system costs and most importantly minimizing on errors.
5. Enhanced Patient Experience: The connectivity of the health care system through the internet of things, places emphasis on the needs of the patient. That is, proactive treatments, improved accuracy when it comes to diagnosis, timely intervention by physicians and enhanced treatment outcomes result in accountable care that is highly trusted among patients.
6. Enhanced Management of Drugs: Creation as well as management of drugs is a major expense in the healthcare industry. Even then, with IOT processes and devices, it is possible to manage these costs better.
Component of Internet:
1. Access – To interact directly with the Internet requires some form of access or connectivity to the Internet.
2. Chat-IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is used for live discussions on Internet.
3. Ecommerce – Taking orders for products and services on Internet.
4. E-mail – Exchanging electronic letters, messages, and small files.
5. FTP – File Transfer Protocol is the most common method of transferring files between computers via Internet.
6. Hosting – Making information available to others on the Internet.
7. Mailing Lists – E-mail messages forwarded to everyone on a special interest list.
8. Search Engines – These tools are really a part of the World Wide Web and are often used when looking for information because the Web has grown so large and is without any inherent organizational structure.
9. Telnet – Creation of a dumb terminal session to a host computer in order to run software applications on the host system.
10. Usenet – Newsgroups for receiving news and sending out announcements.
11. World Wide Web – This is largest, fastest growing, part of Internet, the part for which Internet browsers like Netscape’s Navigator and Microsoft’s Explorer were designed. Business is the leading factor fueling the rapid growth of the Web making information, advertising, and product ordering readily available to everyone with Web
access.
The types of internet connection
There are various types of connectivity to get hook on to Internet. They all can be broadly classified into following category.
- Gateway Access
- Dial-up Connection
- Leased Connection
- DSL
- Cable Modem Connection
- VSAT
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