Concept about Narration | CHAPTER-03 | Communicative English for Nurses

Concept about Narration – The course is designed to develop communication skills in English and computer and information technology (ICT) of the learners. Communicative English includes the basic grammatical structures of English and basic semantics, basic reading and listening techniques for constructing informal writings; reading selected English literature; listening to selected English media; use of expressions for easy communication in daily life such as exchanging information, greeting, shopping, application, past, present & future activities, liking & disliking etc; giving English oral presentations; and writing formal letters and essays.

Study and practice in reading and writing on related topics from nursing  textbooks/journals/magazines & note taking, referencing; improvement of reading and writing abilities with emphasis on review of vocabularies, sentence structure, organization, development of oral presentation; developing writing skills Business letters, application & CV; report writing, editing, proof reading, translation and professional writings-meeting minutes; improvement of speaking and listening abilities with establishing communication and making arguments.

Computer and information technology is designed for understanding of using computer and information technology; it applications in nursing field; application programs for Microsoft Word processing, Microsoft Excel for spreadsheets, Power Point Presentations, Networking and Communication through internet and World Wide Web applications.

Concept about Narration

NARRATION- (উক্তি)

নিচের বাকাটি পড়:-

He says, “I am a boy.”

বাক্যটিতে He says অংশটুকু বলেছে বাক্যের বক্তা। কিন্তু I am a boy সে বলছে না। এটি এ বালকটি নিজের পরিচয় দিতে গিয়ে যেভাবে বলেছিল বক্তা এ কথাটিকে অবিকল এখানে তুলে ধরেছে। বক্তব্যের এইরূপ প্রকাশকে Direct Narration বা Direct Speech বলে। কিন্তু ঐ বাকাটিকে যদি এভাবে উপস্থাপন করা হয়- He says that he is a boy.

তাহলে স্পষ্টই বোঝা যায় যে, এখন সমস্ত বাক্যটিই বক্তা নিজের ভাষায় বলছে। বাক্যের এইরূপ প্রকাশকে বলে Indirect Speech.

* প্রতিটি Narration বা উক্তিতে চারটি অংশ থাকে। যেমনঃ

• Reporting verb
• Reported verb
• Reported speech
• Reporting speech

Two Concepts:

Indirect Speech এর যে অংশটুকু বক্তা নিজে বলে তার verb কে বলে reporting verb। যেমন- He says, “I am a boy” বাকাটিতে says হল reporting verb। অপরপক্ষে বক্তা অপরের দ্বারা উক্ত যে অংশটি হুবহু তুলে ধরে তাকে reported speech বলে। যেমন- He says, “I am a boy”. বাকো I am a boy অংশটি হল reported speech ।এই reported speech এ যে verb টি রয়েছে তা হল reported speech-এর verb.

Speech পরিবর্তনের নিয়মঃ

(1) Reported speech এর ক্ষেত্রে কমা এর স্থানে that বসে এবং Inverted comma উঠে যায়।

(2) Subject এর person পরিবর্তিত হয়।

(3) Reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয়।

(4) বক্তার মূল উক্তিতে 1″ person থাকলে তা reporting verb এর subject এ number, person gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হয়। যেমন-

D.S→ He says, “I am sick”.

R.S→ He says that he is sick.

(5) বক্তার’ মূল উক্তিতে 2nd person থাকলে তা reporting verb এ object at gender, number ও person অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।

He said to me, “You are a student.” He said to me that I was a student.

(6) বক্তার মূল উক্তিতে 3 person থাকলে কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না। যেমন-

D.S→I say, “He is a nice man”.

R.S→I say that he is a nice man

(7) Direct speech at reporting verb টি যদি present/future হয়, তবে RS এর কোন পরিবর্তন না হয়ে শুধু person পরিবর্তন হয়। যেমন:

D.S→ You will say, “I am busy”

R.S→ You will say that you are busy.

D.S→ He says. “I am unhappy.”

RS→ He says that he is unhappy.

(8) Direct speech at R.V a past tense হয়, আলে Indirect en R.S এর verb এর tense এই নিম্নরূপ পরিবর্তন হয়।

N.B: Past perfect tense এবং Past Perfect Continuous tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

(9) Can, may, shall/ will থাক্রমে could, might, would a পরিবর্তিত হয়।

(10) কিন্তু would, should, might, could, ought to পরিবর্তিত হয় না।

D.S→ He said, “I go to school”.

RS→ He said that he went to school.

D.S→ He said, “I am playing”

R.S→ He said that he was playing

D.S→ He said, “I have helped Abul.”

R.S→ He said that he had helped Abul.

DS→ He said, “I went there”.

RS→ He said that he had gone there.

D.S→ He said, “I was reading”

RS→ He said that he had been reading

D.S→ He said, “I shall do it”.

RS→ He said that he would do it.

R.S→ He said that he could swim.

D.S→ He said, “I can swim”

D.S→ He said, “I may succeed”

R.S→ He said that he might succeed.

D.S→ He said, “I must go”

R.S→ He said that he had to go.

D.S→ He said, “He should do it”.

R.S→ He said that he should do it.

(11) চিরন্তন সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে R.S এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

(12) Speech এর পারস্পরিক পরিবর্তনের ক্ষেত্রে কতিপয় শব্দ বা phrase নিম্নভাবে পরিবর্তিত হয়।

বিভিন্ন প্রকার sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Speech/Narration এর পরিবর্তন

অর্থানুসারে (according to meaning) ইংরেজীতে পাঁচ ধরনের Sentence রয়েছে। যথাঃ

(i) Assertive Sentence

(ii) Interrogative Sentence

(iii) Imperative Sentence

(iv) Optative Sentence

(v) Exclamatory Sentence

নিচে বিভিন্ন ধরনের sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Speech/Narration এর পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম বিস্তারিতভাবে তুলে ধরা হলঃ

ASSERTIVE SENTENCE

Reported Speech যদি Assertive Sentence- এ থাকে, তবে Indirect Speech/Narration এ রূপান্তরের সময়-

(i) Reporting verb হিসেবে say/says/said থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। যেমন-

Dir: Neela says, “I am well”.

Ind: Neela says that she is well.

Dir: He said, “I go to college”.

Ind: He said that he went to college.

(ii) Reporting Verb এর object থাকলে say to says to said to এর পরিবর্তে tell/ told ব্যবহৃত হবে। যেমন-

Dir: Sweety said to me, “I can help you”.

Ind Sweety told me that she could help me.

(iii) Reporting Verb হিসেবে says/ says to say to থাকলে reported speech এর tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না। যেমন-

Dir: Safiq says, “I have done it”.

Ind: Safiq says that he has done it.

(iv) Reporting verb হিসেবে said said to থাকলে reported speech- এর tense এর পরিবর্তন হবে, যেমন-

Dir: Sadman said, “I can draw a picture”.

Ind: Sadman said that he could draw a picture.

(v) Reported speech- এ কোন universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) থাকলে Indirect speech- এ tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না। যেমন-

Dir: The hermit said, “Man is mortal”.

Ind: The hermit said that man is mortal.

(vi) Reporting verb এর পরবর্তী Comma () এবং Reported speech at Inverted Comma (“”) উঠে গিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসবে। যেমন-

Dir: Shovon said, “I am coming today”

Ind: Shovon said that he was going that day.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Reported speech যদি Interrogative sentence- এ থাকে, তবে Indirect Speech/Narration-এ রূপান্তরের সময়-

(i) Reporting verb-টি ask, enquire of, demand of, want to know ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়। যেমন-

Dir: Bithi said to me, “Can you help me?”

Ind: Bithi asked me if I could help her.

(ii) Direct Speech/Narration Interrogative Sentence- এ থাকা reported speech-টি Assertive sentence এ পরিনত হয়। Reported Speech যদি Auxiliary Verb (am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, shall, will, can, may, have, has ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়, তা হলে reported speech- এর পূর্বে if বা whether বসে। যেমন- Dir: Sohel said to me, “Are you busy now?”

Ind: Sohel asked me if I was busy then.

Dir: Rajan said to his sister, “Will you go to Canada along with your husband?”

Ind: Rajan asked to his sister whether she would go to Canada along with her husband.

(ii) Reported speech যদি Interrogative pronoun: যেমন- who, which, what, whose ইত্যাদি অথবা Interrogative Adverb যেমন- where, why, how ইত্যাদি দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়, তবে if/whether না বসে ঐ শব্দটিই বসে। যেমন-

Dir: Rahul said to Nipa, “Where do you live now?”

Ind: Rahul asked Nipa where she lived then

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

1. Reporting verb টি Reported speech এর বিভিন্ন ভাব। যেমন- অনুরোধ বোঝালে request, আদেশ বোঝালে order/ command, ক্ষমা বোঝালে beg, উপদেশ বোঝালে advise এবং এর কোনটাই না বোঝালে tell ব্যবহৃত হয়। তবে Reporting verb টি Past form হলে উল্লিখিত verb গুলোরও past form হবে। যেমন-

Dir: The teacher said to me, “Always take the honest policy.”

Ind: The teacher advised me to take the honest policy always.

2. Reported speech- টি যদি মূল ক্রিয়া দ্বারা শুরু হয় তবে Inverted Comma তুলে দিয়ে to ব্যবহার করতে হবে এবং reported speech টি হুবহু লিখতে হবে। এক্ষেত্রে reported speech এর tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না। যেমন-

Dir: The man said to me, “Do as I tell you.”

Ind: The man ordered to me to do as he told me.

3. Imperative sentence টি যদি negative হয়, তবে reporting verb এর পরে not to বসে। যেমন

Dir: Sumona said to me, “Don’t smoke”

Ind: Sumona ordered me not to smoke.

4. Reported speech- টি please খারা আস্ত হলে please তুলে দিয়ে প্রথমে kindly ব্যবহার করা যায়। তবে শুধু please e দিলেও চলে। যেমন-

Dir: Meena said to Rina, Please give me your book.” এটি দু’ভাবে indirect speech এর রূপান্তর করা যায়।

Ind: Meena requested Rina to give her (M) her (R.) book. Or, Meena requested Rina kindly giver her (M) her (R) book .

Reported speech-টি Negative হলে kindly বসবে না। যেমন-

Dir: Mamun said to me, “Please don’t talk with me.”

Ind: Mamun requested me not to talk with him.

5. Reported speech-vocative case (অর্থাৎ কাউকে সম্বোধন করা বুঝালে) থাকলে তা বাদ দিতে হয় অথবা অতিরিক্ত হিসেবে addressing যোগ করতে হয়। যেমন-

Dir: Badal said, “Rajan, come here.”

Ind: Badal told Rajan to go there.

Or. Addressing Rajan, Badal told him to go there

6. Reported speech- টি let দ্বারা শুরু হলে এবং প্রস্তাব দেয়া বুঝালে reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে ‘propose” or ‘suggest’ ব্যবহৃত হয়। Inverted comma- এর পরিবর্তে that ব্যবহৃত হয়। Reported Speech এ কর্তার পর should বসাতে হয়। যেমন-

Dir: He said to me, “Let us go home.”

Ind: He proposed to me that we should go home.

Or, He proposed our going home.

বিদ্র: মনে রাখতে হবে reporting verb এর subject 3 person হলে that এর পরে we বসে এবং reporting verb এর subject 1″ person হলে that এর পরে they বসে।

7. Direct speech- এ let থাকা সত্ত্বেও বাক্যটির অর্থ যদি প্রস্তাব না বুঝায় তবে কর্তার পরে may বা might কিংবা might be allowed to বসাতে হয়। তবে বাকাটির অর্থানুসারে যে কোন রকম পরিবর্তন হতে পারে। যেমন-

Dir: Rafiq said, “Let him do the work.”

Ind: Rafiq said that he might do the work.

Or, Rafiq said/wished that he should do the work.

এখানে লক্ষ্যনীয় যে, reported speech এর tense এর পরিবর্তন assertive sentence এর মতই হচ্ছে।

OPTATIVE SENTENCE

1. Inverted comma উঠিয়ে দিয়ে that বসাতে হয়।
2. Reported verb উঠিয়ে wish বা pray বাবহৃত হয়।
3. Reported speech এর কর্তার পর may/might ব্যবহৃত হয়।
4.  অন্যান্য নিয়ম assertive sentence এর ন্যায় হবে। যেমন-

Dir: My father said, “May you prosper in life.”

Ind: My father wished that I might prosper in life.

Dir: Faria said, “May Allah bless you.”

Ind: Faira prayed that Allah might bless me.

Dir. They said, Long live our Prime Minister.”

Ind: They wished that their Prime Minister might live lang

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE

Reported speech টি যদি Exclamatory Sentence এ থাকে, তবে Indirect Narration এ রূপান্তরের সময়-

(i) Direct Speech ধারা আনন্দ বোঝালে reporting verb পরিবর্তিত যয়ে exclaim/exclaim with joy exclaim in delight/ exclaim in wonder ইত্যাদি এবং দুঃখ বোজাল reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaim / exclaim with sorrow/ exclaim in grief exclaim with regret ইত্যাদিতে রূপান্তরিত হয়। এছাড়া reporting verb হিসেবে exclaim in wonder, cry out in delight, cry out in sorrow, exclaim with anger, exclaim with surprise ইত্যাদি ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। যেমন-

Dir: Mosharrof said, “Alas! She is no more.”

Ind Mosharrof exclaimed with sorrow that she was no more

(ii) Reported speech Assertive Sentence এ পরিণত হয়।

(iii) Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে reported speech এর পূর্বে that বসে।

(iv) Reported speech-টি what বা how দ্বারা শুরু হলে Indirect Narration এ তাদের পরিবর্তে Adjective এর পূর্বে very এবং Noun এর পূর্বে great বসে। যেমন-

Dir: Konika said, “How beautiful the baby is!”

Ind: Konika exclaimed with joy that the baby was verybeautiful.

Dir: Tania said, “What a man Nazrul is!”

Ind: Tania wondered that Nazrul was great man

Point to remembered Exclamation এর প্রকৃতি সম্পর্কে যদি সঠিকভাবে ধারণা পাওয়া না যায়, তবে reporting verb হিসেবে শুধু exclaim বা cry out ব্যবহার করাই শ্রেয়। যেমন-

Dir. Ratan said, “How dirty the room is!”

Ind: Ratan exclaimed that the room was very dirty

Passage Narration করার সহজ উপায়

1. Reporting verb টি যদি Direct Narration এর শেষে বা মাঝে থাকে, Indirect Narration এতা Reported speech এর শুরুতেই বসবে। যেমন-

Dir: “Do you think that honesty is the best policy?” said the teacher to the boy.

Ind: The teacher asked the boy if he thought that honesty is the best policy.

2. Direct Narration এ যদি reported speech এর মধ্যে কারও নাম উল্লেখ থাকে, Indirect Narration et reporting verb এর পরে লিখতে হবে। যেমন-

Dir: “Madhurja, where are you going?” said Mr. Sadek

Ind: Mr. Sadek asked Madhurja where he (M) was going

3. একই বক্তার পরপর একাধিক speech থাকলে দ্বিতীয় ও তৎপরবর্তী speech গুলোকে নিম্নোক্ত উপায়ে যুক্ত করতে হয়।

(a) Assertive sentence et cet and added that, further added that, moreover added that, again added that যোগ করতে হবে।

Dir: Sadia said, “I came to Dhaka this morning. I sent you a SMS before starting from home I had an enjoyable journey but I had missed you so badly.”

Ind: Sadia said that she had gone to Dhaka that morning and added that she had sent me a SMS before starting from home She further added that she had had an enjoyable journey but she had missed me so badly.

(b) Interrogative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে and further asked. again asked যোগ করতে হয়।

Dir: “Have you read the novel? Where did you go yesterday?” said Sumona. “I have not read the book as I was busy. I went to my village,” said Samiul. “Will you return me the book today? said Sumona.

Ind: Sumona asked Samiul if he had read the novel and further she asked where he had gone the previous day. Samiul replied that he had not read the book as he was busy and added that he had gone to his village. Sumona again asked if he would return her the book that day.

(c) Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে and ordered/ commanded requested advised এবং কোনটাই না বুঝালে and told ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

Dir: The teacher said to the student, “Don’t make a norse in the classroom. Be attentive or you will cut a sorry figure in the examination.”

Ind: The teacher ordered the student not to make a noise in the classroom and advised him to be attentive and also said that if he (s) did not do so, he would cut a sorry figure in the examination.

(d) Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে and wished/prayed for ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

Dir: My mother said, ” May Allah bless you. Have a brilliant success in the examination.”

Ind: My other prayed that Allah might bless me and wished for my brilliant success in the examination

(e) Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে and exclaimed with sorrow/joy that অথবা and exclaimed that ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

Dir: Sumona said, “How cute the baby is! What a smiling face it has!”

Ind: Sumona exclaimed with joy that the baby was very cute and exclaimed that it had a very smiling face.

4. Reported speech-এ ‘yes’ অথবা ‘no’ এর উল্লেখ থাকলে reporting verb হিসেবে indirect speech এদের পরিবর্তে replied in the affirmative অথবা negative বসাতে হবে।

Indirect Speech- & ‘yes’ অথবা ‘no’ এর পরিবর্তে replied in the affirmative/negative

Dir: “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” said Rajan. “No.” said Shila.

Ind: Rajan asked Shila if she had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Shila replied in the negative.

‘yes’ অথবা ‘no’ এরপর বক্তব্য থাকলে যথাক্রমে replied in the affirmative and said that বা replied in the negative and said that ব্যবহৃত হবে।

Dir: “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” said Rajan. “No, I have never gone there,” said Shila. “But I long for visiting the place.”

Ind: Rajan asked Shila if she had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Shila replied in the negative and said that she had never gone there. But she added that she longed for visiting the place.

5. কোন passage-এ speaker (বক্তা) ও listener (শ্রোতা) উল্লেখ না থাকলে বক্তার স্থলে the speaker এবং শ্রোতার স্থলে the listener, the person spoken to ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Dir: “What is she doing?” “She is trying to sleep.” “Is she sick?” “She is sick a little bit.”

উপরের passage-টিতে speaker/listener এর উল্লেখ নেই। এটিকে নিম্নোক্তভাবে পড়তে হবে।

6. Direct Speech এ যদি assertive sentence এর শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন থাকে, Indirect speech a reporting verb এর subject এর পূর্বে being surprised যোগ করতে হবে।

Dir: Rana said to Mala, “You know him?”

Ind: Being surprised, Rana asked Mala if she knew him

7. Reporting speech এ sir কথাটির উল্লেখ থাকলে Indirect speech reporting verb এর subject এর পূর্বে addressing as sir অথবা, reporting verb এর পরে sir এর পরিবর্তে respectfully/politely ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Dir: Rehana said to the teacher, “Sir, I need two days leave.”

Ind: Rehana respectfully told the teacher that she needed two days leave.

Dir: Shimul said, “Sir, I am very sorry.”

Ind: Addressing as sir, Shimul said that he was very sorry

8. Direct speech এ যদি কাউকে address করা হয় তবে addressing as : Indirect Speech শুরু করতে হবে।

Dir: “I am very happy today, friends,” said the mas

Ind: Addressing them as friends, the man said that he was very happy that day.

Dir: “Brothers, help me,” said the woman.

Ind: Addressing them as brothers, the woman requested them to help her.

9. Direct Speech এ গদি By Allah, By Jove, By God/ By my love/By my life ইত্যাদির উল্লেখ থাকে, তবে indirect speech এর শুরুতেই Swearing by Allah, Jove/God/Love/Life ইত্যাদি ব্যবহৃত হবে।

Dir: “By Allah,” he replied, “I will not leave you in danger.”

Ind: Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not leave me in danger.

Dir: “By my love,” she replied, “I will not forget you.”

Ind: Swearing by her love, she replied that she would not forget me

10. Inverted Comma- এর বাইরে কোন Phrase/Clause থাকলে, Indirect Speech এ তা Reporting verb এর শুরুতেই ব্যবহৃত হবে। কিন্তু Present Participle Phrase ছাড়া অন্য কোন Phrase থাকলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ জায়গার কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Dir: “Are you brothers?” asked the mistress of the house turning to the dervishes.

Ind: Turning to the dervishes, the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.

Dir: “Do you want to admit in this school?” asked the Headmaster of the school situated at Luxmibazar.

Ind: The Headmaster of the school situated at Luxmibazar asked if he wanted to admit in that school.

Exercise

01. “Good morning, can I help you?” said the Manager. “Yes, I was told to come over here to get a parking sticker. Is this the right place?” said the lady. “Yes, it is. What’s the registration number of your car?” said the manager.

02. My mother said, “Won’t you go to school today?” I said, “Mother, I feel feverish today. I don’t want to go to school.” “Ok, take rest now. You should be more careful about your health” said mother.

03. “My sons, listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. I am going to leave it to you.” “How will we find it?” said the sons. “You must dig the land for it,” said the old man.

04. “Why did you not go to school yesterday. Rimu?” asked the mother. “I was ill, mum” “How are you today?” “Well,” answered the girl. “Don’t worry for me.”

05. The teacher said to the boy, “Do you think that honesty is the best policy?” The boy said, “Yes sir, I think so”. “Then leam to be honest from. your boyhood”, said the teacher. “Thank you, Sir”, said the boy. “May Allah grant you a long life”, said the teacher to the boy.

06. “How lovely the doll is! I’ll buy it,” said Mona. “No, it is not durable. Tomorrow we’ll visit another village fair. Then you can buy another doll. Let’s go now,” said mother. “You must buy me a good doll,” said Mona. “Yes”, replied mother

07. “What are you doing now, Rashed?” I said, “I am watching an interesting program on television”. “Aren’t you wasting your time?” “No, I don’t think so,” he said. “Remember, too much watching of TV makes people lazy.”

08. “Dear friend, which book do you want?” ‘A Practical English Grammar of A. J. Thomson. 1 lost my copy yesterday,” said Oishe. “I can lend you. But return it in a week,” I said.

09. The police officer said to Mita, “How can I help you?” Mita replied, “While I was coming home alone by a taxi last night, two snatchers rode into my taxi.” “Did they snatch anything from you?” “Yes sir, they took away my cell phone and some money,” said Mita. “Let me record a complaint,” said the police officer.

10. “What’s your programme after the examination?” asked Hira. Mira said, “I’ve not decided. Can you suggest any?” “Let us go on a picnic,” said Hira. “What an excellent idea it is!” said Mira.

11. Rosamond said to her mother. “What is it, Mum? I didn’t want this black thing and the terrible smell.” Mother said, “I don’t know my dear.” Rosamond again said to her mother, “But what shall I do with it?” Mother said, “I can’t tell.” “Okay, Mum, 1 must pour it out and fill the jar with fresh water.”

12. The stranger said to the boy, “Can you tell me the way of the nearest hotel?” “Yes, sir. I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?” said the boy. “I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal,” replied the man

13. “Hello rickshawpuller, will you go?” said L “Where?” said the rickshawpuller. “I want to go the railway station.” “I may go, if you pay me 200 taka.” said the rickshawpuller.

14. “May I come in, Sir?” said the guardian. “Yes, come in, please”, said the Headmaster. The guardian said, “We, all the guardians along with you must do something for the betterment of our children. They are losing their morality”. The Headmaster said, “Let’s plan something for their betterment.”

15. “Why are you looking so happy?” Dipa said to Rupali. “My brother sent a mobile phone for me yesterday,” replied Rupali. “But what’s the use of it to you? I think it is a mere wastage of money,” said Dipa. “No, I can communicate with others in the shortest possible time,” said Rupali

16. Mrs. Nasima said to her student, “I heard the news of your illness yesterday. How are you now?” “I feel a bit well today, madam,” replied the student. “Don’t worry. You will come round soon,” said Mrs. Nasima.

17. “Good morning, students,” said the teacher. “How are you?” “We are fine, sir. What about you?” “I am fine too. Please, sit down.” “Have you prepared your lesson?” the teacher asked. “Sorry, sir, we have not prepared our lesson,” they replied.

18. “Konica, have you done your English lesson today?”, asked the teacher. “Yes, sir”, she replied, “But I have not understood one grammatical point.” The teacher assured her saying, “Come to my room, I will help you understand the point.” “Thank you, sir,” she smilingly said.

19. Once a rich banker said to a poor cobbler, “How much do you earn a year?” The cobbler replied laughing, “I never count in this way. I can barely enough to pass a day. And I’m happy.” “Are you really happy?” said the banker.

20. The teacher said to the student, “Have you prepared your lesson today?” “No, Sir”, replied the student. The teacher said, “Why?” “I was suffering from headache yesterday. I shall do my work tomorrow,” said the student.

21. The teacher said to the boy, “Do you know that honesty is the best policy?” The boy said, “Yes, sir, I think so.” “Then learn to be honest from your boyhood,” said the teacher. “Thank you,” said the boy. “May Allah help you,” said the teacher.

22. “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” asked Shabab. “No, I have never”, replied Labib, “but I desire for visiting the place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year,” said Shabab. “Let us go there this week,” said Labib.

23. The girl said to the teacher, “Sir, I shall be grateful if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly in the classroom yesterday.” The teacher said, “I have become really happy to know that you are eager to read this book. You are welcome to any of my books that you like.” “Thank you, Sir.” said the girl. “You are welcome,” said the teacher.

24. The teacher said to the girl, “Do you think that honesty is the best policy?” The girl said, “Yes, sir, I think so.” “Then learn to be honest from your childhood,” said the teacher. “Thank you, sir,” said the girl. “May Allah bless you,” said the teacher.

25. “We would like to go on an excursion. Can we have your permission, sir?” said the students. “Yes, you can arrange it after the examination is over. And you should choose a historical place for that,” replied the Headmaster. “Thank you, sir.”

Answer of Narration:

1. The Manager wished good morning to the lady and asked her if he could help her. The lady replied in the affirmative and said that she had been told to go over there to get a parking sticker. She asked him if that was the right place. The Manager replied in the affirmative and said that it was. Then he asked her what the registration number of her car was.
2. My mother asked if I would not go to school that day. I told my mother that I felt feverish that day. I also added that I didn’t want to go to school. Mother said that it was okay and told me to take rest then. She also added that I should be more careful about my health.
3. The old man ordered his sons to listen to him and said that a great treasure lay hidden in the land. He added that he was going to leave hat to them. The sons asked their father how they would find that. The old man replied that they had to dig the land for that.

4. The mother asked Rimu why she (R) had not gone to school the previous day. Rimu replied that she had been ill. The mother asked her (R) how she (R) was that day. The girl answered that she (R) was well and forbade her mother not to worry for her (R).
5. The teacher asked the boy if he (b) thought that honesty is the best policy. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative that he thought so. The teacher advised him to learn to be honest from his boyhood. The boy thanked him respectfully. The teacher wished that Allah might grant him a long life.
6. Mona exclaimed with wonder that the doll was very lovely. She also added that she would buy it. Mona’s mother replied in the negative that it was not durable. She also added that they would visit another village fair the next day. Then they could buy another doll. She proposed that they should go then. Mona told her mother that she had to buy her a good doll. Mona’s mother replied in the affirmative.
7. I asked Rashed what he was doing then. Rashed said that he was watching an interesting program on television. I asked him if he was not wasting his time. Rashed replied in the negative and said that he did not think so. I told him to remember that too much watching of TV makes people lazy.
8. I asked Oishe which book she wanted. Oishe said that she wanted A Practical English Grammar of AJ. Thomson. She added that she had lost her copy the previous day. I told her that I could lend her the book but I reminded her to return that in a week.
9. The police officer asked Mita how he could help her. Mita replied that while she had been coming home alone by a taxi the previous night, two snatchers had ridden into her taxi. The police asked if they had snatched anything from her. Mita respectfully replied in the affirmative that they had taken away her cell phone and some money. The police officer requested that he might be allowed to record a complaint.

10. Hira asked Mira what her (M) programme was after the examination. Mira replied that she (M) had not decided. She asked Hira if she (H) could suggest any. Hira proposed to go on a picnic. Mira said astonishingly that it was an excellent idea.
11. Rosamond asked her mother what that was. She (R) said that she (R) hadn’t wanted that black thing and the terrible smell. Mother said that she (mother) didn’t know. Rosamond again asked her mother what she (R) would do with that. Mother said that she (mother) could not tell. Rosamond told her mother okay and added that she (R) had to pour that out and fill the jar with fresh water.
12. The stranger asked the boy if he (b) could tell him (st) the way of the nearest hotel. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative that he (b) could. He (b) asked him (st) if he (st) wanted a residential one in which he (st) could spend the night. The stranger replied that he (st) did not want to stay there but he (st) only wanted a meal.
13. I called the rickshawpuller and asked him if he would go. The rickshawpuller asked me where I would go. I replied that I wanted to go to the railway station. The rickshawpuller said that he might go if I paid him 200 taka.
14. The guardian asked the Headmaster respectfully if he (g) might go in. The Headmaster replied in the affirmative and requested him (g) to go in. The guardian said that they all the guardians along with him had to do something for the betterment of their children, because they were losing their morality. The Headmaster proposed that they should plan something for their betterment.
15. Dipa asked Rupali why she was looking so happy. Rupali replied that her brother had sent a mobile phone for her the previous day. Dipa asked what the use of it to her was. She also said that she thought it was a mere wastage of money. Rupali replied in the negative that she could communicate with others in the shortest possible time.
16. Mrs Nasima told her student that she had heard the news of his illness the previous day. She asked him how he was then. The student replied respectfully that he felt a bit well that day. Mrs. Nasima told him not to worry and added that he would come round soon.

17. The teacher wished the students good morning and asked them how they were. In reply the students respectfully told him (1) that they were fine. They (s) asked him (t) what about him (t). The teacher replied that he was fine too. He (t) requested them to sit down. The teacher asked them if they had prepared their lesson. They replied with regret that they were sorry and said that they had not prepared their lesson.
18. Addressing Konica the teacher asked her if she (K) had done her English lesson that day. She replied respectfully in the affirmative and added that she (K) had not understood one grammatical point. The teacher assured her saying to come to his (t) room and he (t) would help her (K) understand the point. She (K) smilingly thanked him (t) with respect.
19. Once a rich banker asked a poor cobbler how much a year he (c) earned. The cobbler replied laughing that he (c) never counted in that way. He (c) added that he (c) earned barely enough to pass a day and he (c) was happy. The banker eagerly asked him (c) if he (c) was really happy.
20. The teacher asked the student if he (s) had prepared his lesson that day. The student respectfully replied in the negative. The teacher asked him (s) why he (s) had not prepared his lesson. The student said that he had been suffering from headache the previous day. He (s) assured the teacher that he (s) would do his work the next day.
21. The teacher asked the boy if he knew that honesty is the best policy. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative and said that he thought so. Then the teacher told him to learn to be honest from his boyhood. The boy thanked him. The teacher wished prayed that Allah might help him.
22. Shabab asked Labib if he (L) had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Labib replied in the negative and said that he had never been there. He (L) added that but he desired for visiting the place. Shabab stated that he (S) had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach the previous year. Labib proposed to him that they might go there that week.
23. The girl told the teacher respectfully that she would be grateful if he kindly lent her the book he (t) had praised highly in the classroom the previous day. The teacher said that he had become really happy to know that she was eager to read that book. He (t) added that she was welcome to any of his books that she liked. The girl thanked him with respect. The teacher said that she was welcome.
24. The teacher asked the girl if she thought that honesty is the best policy. The girl respectfully replied in the affirmative that she thought so. The teacher told her to learn to be honest from her childhood then. The girl respectfully thanked the teacher. The teacher prayed for the girl that Allah might bless her.
25. The students said that they would like to go on an excursion and asked their headmaster respectfully if they could have his permission. The headmaster replied that they could and added that they (students) could arrange it after the examination was over. He (the headmaster) also advised them to choose a historical place for it. The students respectfully thanked him.

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