Concept about Ovulation – The course is designed for the basic understanding of anatomical structures and physiological functions of human body, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, respiratory system; cardiovascular system; urinary system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system, hematologic system, sensory organs, integumentary system, and immune system.The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills regarding anatomy and physiology.
Concept about Ovulation
Definition:-
Maturation of the graafian follicle and liberation of the ovum from the ovary in each menstrual cycle, usually occurs on day 14 in a 28-day cycle, that controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain is called ovulation.
Process of ovulation
The process of ovulation is controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain. In about 28 days of menstrual cycle,
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the hypothalamus which controls the ovarian and uterine cycles.
- GnRH stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland.
- GnRH then promotes the release of even more LH.
- Ovulation is triggered by a surge of luteinizing hormone, which occurs a few hours before ovulation.
- The matured follicle is swelled with fluid and ruptured through the surface of the ovary and expelling the ovum into the peritoneal cavity.
- The ovum enters the fallopian tube through the fimbriated end.
N.B./Nice to know:
- If the ovum is fertilized and implanted in the wall of uterus where it grows and develops and produce the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin which stimulates the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone and oestrogen for the first 3 months of the pregnancy.
- If the ovum is not fertilizes the corpus luteum degenerates and new cycle begins with menstruation.
- Sometimes more than one follicle matures at a time, releasing two or more ova in same cycle. When this happens and the ova are fertilized the result is a pregnancy.
(Ref:-R.S. Winwood, Sear’s Anatomy, 6th ed, P-286 + P.Evelyn, 16th,P-311 + Ross & Wilson, 9th,P. 444 + M. Anderson, 6th,P-28,29)
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