Concept about Preposition | CHAPTER-08 | Communicative English for Nurses

Concept about Preposition – The course is designed to develop communication skills in English and computer and information technology (ICT) of the learners. Communicative English includes the basic grammatical structures of English and basic semantics, basic reading and listening techniques for constructing informal writings; reading selected English literature; listening to selected English media; use of expressions for easy communication in daily life such as exchanging information, greeting, shopping, application, past, present & future activities, liking & disliking etc; giving English oral presentations; and writing formal letters and essays.

Study and practice in reading and writing on related topics from nursing  textbooks/journals/magazines & note taking, referencing; improvement of reading and writing abilities with emphasis on review of vocabularies, sentence structure, organization, development of oral presentation; developing writing skills Business letters, application & CV; report writing, editing, proof reading, translation and professional writings-meeting minutes; improvement of speaking and listening abilities with establishing communication and making arguments.

Computer and information technology is designed for understanding of using computer and information technology; it applications in nursing field; application programs for Microsoft Word processing, Microsoft Excel for spreadsheets, Power Point Presentations, Networking and Communication through internet and World Wide Web applications.

Concept about Preposition

Preposition কী ? Kinds of Prepositions ?

Preposition হলো এমন কোনো word যা কোনো sentence- এ noun, pronoun বা noun phrase এর পূর্বে বসে sentnece এর অন্যান্য word এর সাথে এদের সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে। At, by, upon, ahead, in spite of, off, into, outside, because of, before, among, between হলো কয়েকটি preposition.

Kinds of Prepositions 

গঠন ও ব্যবহারভেদে preposition-কে চার ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।ঃ 

1. Simple Preposition 
2. Compound Preposition 
3. Double Preposition 
4. Disguised Preposition 

►Simple Preposition 

যে সকল preposition মূলত একটি শব্দ দিয়ে গঠিত, তাদেরকে simple preposition বলে। যেমন after, above, at, by, on, of, off, from, through, with ইত্যাদি।

বাকো ব্যবহারঃ Keep the book on (ed) the table, He will arrive at (-) 5pm.

►Compound Preposition 

কোনো simple preposition কোনো noun, adjective বা adverb এর পূর্বে যুক্ত হয়ে যে preposition গঠন করে, তাকে compound preposition বলে। যেমনঃ

about=on+by+out 

along=on+ long 

before=by+fore 

behind=by+hind 

beside=by+side 

between=by+two+in 

beyond=by+yond 

বাক্যে ব্যবহারঃ It is beyond (বাইরে) my means to buy a car. She was walking along (বরাবর) this road.

►Double Preposition 

যে সকল preposition অন্য একটি preposition এর সমন্বয়ে গঠিত হয়, তাদেরকে double preposition বলে। যেমন into, upon, onto, out of প্রভৃতি।

বাক্যে ব্যবহার: He came into (মখো) the room.

►Distguised Preposition

of a ‘on’ preposition দু’টি যখন ‘০’ ও ‘এ’ আকারে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন তাদেরকে disguise (হয়বেশী) preposition বলে। যেমন- He came at 7 o’clock (o’ of) in the morning. The baby is fast asleep (a on). Sugar sells a kilo 50 taka. (a per) The king went a hunting. (a = on) 

Detached Preposition

Detached preposition আসলে ভিন্ন কোনো preposition নয়। বরং Prepositional object- এরসাথে যখন সম্পর্কহীনভাবে কোনো simple, compound বা double preposition ব্যবহৃত হয়, তখন তাকে detached preposition বলে। যেমন-

What class does Ivan read in? 

I have none to depend upon. 

He has no relative in Dhaka whom he can live with. 

She has no place where she can go to.

Uses of some prepositions

নিচে কতকগুলো preposition-এর ব্যবহার অর্থাৎ সেগুলো কোথায় কোথায় বসে তা আলোচনা করা হলো।

(a) About: 

সম্বন্ধে, চারিদিকে, উপলক্ষে ও প্রায় অর্থে About ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন-

সম্বন্ধে বোঝাতে:

(i) He knows nothing about this matter. (এ ব্যাপাটি সম্বন্ধে সে কিছুই জানে না।)

(ii) I shall tell him about your problem.

(আমি তোমার সমস্যা সম্বন্ধে তাকে বলব।)

চারিদিকে বোঝাতেঃ

(i) The runners were running about the circle.(বৃত্তের চারিদিকে দৌড়বিদরা দৌড়াচ্ছিল।) 

(ii) There is a garden about my reading room. (আমার পড়ার কক্ষের চারিদিকে বিস্তৃত একটি বাগান আছে।)

উপলক্ষে বোঝাতেঃ

(i) Rima came to our house about the marriage ceremony. (বিবাহ উপলক্ষে রিমা আমাদের বাড়ি এসেছিল।)

(ii) I had to go there about that matter.

(ঐ বিষয়টি উপলক্ষে আমাকে সেখানে যেতে হয়েছিল।)

প্রায় বোঝাতে:

(i) It is about 5 o’clcok. (এখন প্রায় পাঁচটা বাজে।)

(ii) I had to spend about one thousand taka for nothing. (অপ্রয়োজনে আমাকে প্রায় এক হাজার টাকা খরচ করতে হয়েছিল।)

(b) At: 

স্থান, সময়, মূল্য, গতি, দায়িত্ব, দূরত্ব বোঝাতে at ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন

ছোট স্থানের পূর্বে:

(i) He lives at Shahbag, (সে শাহবাগ এলাকায় থাকে)। (n) Father is not at home, (বাবা বাড়িতে নেই।)

সময়ের পূর্বেঃ

(i)The meeting will start at 5 pm. (বিকেল পাঁচটায় সভা শুরু হবে।)

(ii) He reached home at night. ((সে রাতে বাড়ি ফিরেছিল।)

মূল্যের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) I bought this shirt at half price. (আমি অর্ধেক মূল্যে (৫০% মূল্য হ্রাসে) জামাটি কিনেছিলাম।)

(ii) The prices of daily commodities rose at a higher rate than inflation, (মূল্যস্ফীতির চেয়ে বেশি দাম চড়েছিল নিত্য প্রয়োজনীয় দ্রব্যের।)

গতির ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) This car runs at 300 kilometeres per hour

(ii) He always drives at 60 mph,

দায়িত্বের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) You must repair it at your own cost. (তুমি অবশ্যই নিজের খরচে এটি মেরামত করবে।)

(ii) I shall do it at my own risk. (আমি নিজ দায়িত্বে/ঝুঁকিতে কাজটি করব।)

দূরত্বের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) The school is at a stone’s throw from here. (এখান থেকে বিদ্যালয়টি খুব কাছেই।)

(ii) Can you read a car number-plate at fifty metres? (তুমি ৫০ মিটার দূরে থাকা গাড়ির নাম্বার-প্লেট পড়তে পার কি?)

(c) After: 

পরে ও অনুযায়ী অর্থে after ব্যবহৃত হয়।

পরে অর্থে:

(i) I shall go there after lunch. (দুপুরে খাওয়ার পরে আমি সেখানে যাব।)

অনুযায়ী অর্থে:

(i) The work has been done after his instruction. (তার নির্দেশনা অনুযায়ী কাজটি করা হয়েছে।)

(d) By: 

কাছাকাছি সময়ে, পাশে, মাধ্যম, পথ, সময়, অনুসারে, পরিমাপ, অঙ্গ-প্রত্যঙ্গ নির্দেশে, কারও সম্পর্কে জানাতে, শপথ করা অর্থে by ব্যবহৃত হয়।

কাছাকাছি সময়ের মধ্যে:

(i)Can you finish the work by next monday?(তুমি কি পরবর্তী সোমবারের মধ্যে কাজটি শেষ করতে পারবে?)

(ii) I will ring you by 4 pm. করব।) (আমি তোমাকে চারটা নাগাদ ফোন

পাশে বোঝাতে:

(i) The house is situated by the railway. (রেললাইনের পাশেই বাড়িটি অবস্থিত।)

(ii) Come and sit by me. (আমার পাশে এসে বস।)

মাধ্যম বোঝাতে:

(i)May I pay by cheque? (আমি চেকের মাধ্যমে পরিশোধ করতে পারি।)

(ii) He achieved success by determination. (সে দৃঢ় প্রতিজ্ঞার মাধ্যমে সফলতা অর্জন করুণ।)

পথে/মাধ্যম বোঝাতে:

(i)I shall travel by road. (আমি সড়কপথে ভ্রমণ করব।) We made a nice journey by boat.

(ii) He entered by the back door. (সে পিছনের দরজা দিয়ে প্রবেশ করেছিল।)

সময়ের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) She sleeps by day and works at night, (সে দিনে ঘুমায় আর রাতে কাজ করে।)

(ii)The view is best seen by daylight. (দিনের আলোতে দৃশ্যটি সবচেয়ে ভাল দেখায় sving loti

অনুসারে বোঝাতেঃ

(i) It is 6am by my watch. (আমার ঘড়ি অনুসারে এখন ৬টা বাজে।)

পরিমাপের ক্ষেত্রে: 

(i) The room is 6 feet by 4 feet. (কক্ষটির দৈর্ঘ্য ৬ ফুট এবং প্রন্থ ৪ ফুট।)

অঙ্গ-প্রত্যঙ্গ নির্দেশে:

(i) She took me by the hand. (সে আমার হাত ধরে ফেলল।)

কারও সম্পর্কে জানাতে:

(i)He is a German by birth. (সে জন্মসূত্রে একজন জার্মান।)

(ii) Rimi is a Muslim by religion. (ধর্মসূত্রে রিমি মুসলমান)।

শপথের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) I swear by you that I must do it. (তোমার নামে শপথ করে বলছি আমি অবশ্যই এটা করব।)

(ii) I shall help you by Allah! (আল্লাহর নামে শপথ করে বলছি আমি তোমাকে সাহায্য করব।)

(e) Before:

 আগে ও সম্মুখে অর্থে before ব্যবহৃত হয়।

আগে অর্থে:

(i) Delwar will be here before 5 am, (পাঁচটার আগে দেলওয়ার এখানে আসবে।)

(ii) The accident occurred before my eyes. (আমার চোখের সামনে দুর্ঘটনাটি ঘটেছিল।)

(iii) The student dare not speak before him. (ছাত্রটি তার সামনে কথা বলতে সাহস পায় না।)

(f) For: 

জন্য, সাহায্য অর্থে, উদ্দেশ্য বা কাজ নির্দেশে, কারণ নির্দেশে, গন্ধব্য, সমর্থন অর্থে, মূল্য, বিনিময়ে, সময় নির্দেশে, দূরত্ব নির্দেশে for ব্যবহৃত হয়।

জন্যে অর্থ:

(i)There is a letter for you. (তোমার একটি চিঠি আছে।)

(ii) Are al these presents for me? (এসব উপহার কি আমার জন্যা)

সাহায্য অর্থে:

(i) What can I do for you? (আমি তোমার জন্য কী করতে পারি?)

(ii) Would you please translate this letter for me (আমার জন্য দয়া করে চিঠিটি অনুবাদ করবেন কি?)

উদ্দেশ্য বা কাজ নির্দেশেঃ

(i)What did you do that for? (তুমি কী উদ্দেশ্যে কাজটি করেছিলে?)

(ii) He is learning English for his work, (সে তার কাজের উদ্দেশ্যে ইংরেজি শিখছে।) 

গন্তব্যের ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i)This ship is for Singapore (এ জাহাজটি সিঙ্গাপুরে যাবে।)।

(ii) Are you leaving for home? (তুমি কি বাড়ির উদ্দেশ্যে রওয়ানা হয়েছো?

কারণ নির্দেশঃ

(i) Yangoon is famous for its many pagodas(অনেক প্যাগোডার কারণে ইয়াঙ্গুন বিখ্যাত।)

(ii)Dhaka is famous for mosques. (ঢাকা মসজিদের জন্য বিখ্যাত।)

সমর্থন অর্থেঃ

(i) Are you for or against the proposal? (তুমি কি প্রস্তাবের পক্ষে না বিপক্ষে।)

মূল্যের ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) I bought this book for 100 taka. (আমি ১০০ টাকা দিয়ে বইটি কিনেছিলাম।)

বিনিময় অর্থে:

(i) You will get a coupon for every 200 taka you pay 

(ii) I shall exchange my old car for a new one

সময় নির্দেশেঃ

(i)He has gone to Khulna for three days

(ii) You said that you would love me for evet

দূরত্ব নির্দেশেঃ

(i) The road went on for kilometres and kilometres

(ii) I walked for three kilometres.

(g) In: 

স্থান, সময়, ক্ষেত্র, অবস্থা, বিবেচনা, গতি, পেশা, মাধ্যম, অনুপাত প্রভৃতি নির্দেশে in ব্যবহৃত হয়।

মধ্যে অর্থে:

(i) Mayanmar is on in South-east Asia

(ii) Badhan lives in Jessore.

সময়ের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) He is getting forgetful in his old age.

(ii) I hope to visit you in summer.

(iii) Javed was born in 1978.

ক্ষেত্র অর্থেঃ

(i) In this case, the passenger is guilty, not the driver

(ii) I am unable to help you in this regard.

অবস্থা বোঝাতে:

(i) The apple trees are in blossom.

(ii) The house is in repair.

বিবেচনা অর্থে:

(i) You have to do it in your interest.

(ii) We have to work hard in the interest of our nation.

পেশার ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) He is in the airforce

(ii) He has been in politics

মাধ্যম বোঝাতে:

(i) The girl speaks in a loud voice.

(ii) You have to pay the bill in cash.

অনুপাতের ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) In England, one in three enters higher education

(ii) VAT is charged at the rate of 15 paisa in a taka.

উপকরণের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) This is a dress of blue silk

(ii) The house is made of stone

মালিকানা ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) This pen is of my sister.

(ii) That car is of Mr. Habib

উদ্ভুত/জন্মগ্রহণকৃত অর্থ:

(i) The boy came of a good family.

(ii) That woman is of Italian descent.

কারণ অর্থেঃ

(i) The young boy died of cholera.

(ii) Mr. Rabi died of cancer.

বিষয়ের ক্ষেত্রে:

(i) I am thinking of the matter.

(ii) She says that she knows nothing of her husband.

(i) On:

উপলক্ষ, বিষয়, নির্দিষ্ট দিন বা তারিখ, উপরিতলের সংস্পর্শ, তাৎক্ষণিক ফলাফল প্রভৃতি নির্দেশে on ব্যবহৃত হয়।

উপলক্ষ বোঝাতে:

(i) He came on the occasion of my sister’s marriage.

(ii) I congratulate on your briliant success.

বিষয় বোঝাতেঃ

(i)) Das Capital is a book on social science.

(ii) This is a fine book on grammar.

নির্দিষ্ট দিন বা তারিখের পূর্বেঃ

(i)We shall start for Cox’s Bazar on Saturday.

(ii) The meeting is supposed to be held on 25 June.

উপরিতলের সংস্পর্শের ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) He put the watch on the table.

(ii) The baby stood up on the chair.

তাৎক্ষণিক ফলাফলের ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) On receiving the letter, he was very happy.

(ii) On my apology, he told that I was forgiven.

(j) To: 

দিক, সম্পর্ক, পর্যন্ত, উদ্দেশ্য, পরিনাম, পছন্দ, বিজ্ঞার প্রভৃতি নির্দেশে to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

দিক বোঝাতে :

(i) What is she to you? (সে তোমার কী হয়?)

(ii) They are brothers to each other.

পর্যন্ত অর্থে:

(i) The soldiers fought to the last.

(ii) The gardenextends to the river bank.

উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে:

(i)We invited him to the party.

(ii) I sent a letter to Kamal yesterday.

পরিনামের ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) The mugger (ছিনতাইকারী) was beaten to death, 

(ii) The dying patient was bought back to life.

পছন্দের ক্ষেত্রেঃ

(i) The watch is to my liking

(ii) The dish is not to his taste.

বিস্তারের ক্ষেত্রে: Count from 1 to 10.

(k) Under:

 নিচে, অধীন, বিবেচনাধীন, অবস্থা প্রভৃতি নির্দেশ under ব্যবহত হয়।

নিচ অর্থে:

(i) They sat under the shade of a tree.

(ii)The ball is under the table.

অধীন অর্থে:

(i)The post is under government.

(ii) He works under me.

বিবেচনাধীন বোঝাতে:

(i)The application is under consideration.

অবস্থা বোঝাতে:

(i) The case is under trail.

(ii) He is under sentence of death.

Some important appropriate prepositions (কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সঠিক prepositions)

Appropriate Prepositions প্রসঙ্গে কিছু কথা: ইংরেজি বাক্যে Appropriate Prepositions ব্যবহার করা অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। চুল prepositions- এর ব্যবহারের কারণে বাক্য ভুল হয়ে যায়। Appropriate Prepositions- এর সংখ্যা প্রকৃতপক্ষে বহু। তবুও শিক্ষার্থীদের পরীক্ষায় এবং প্রয়োজনের কথা বিবেচনা করে এখানে প্রয়োজনীয় ও গুরুত্বপূর্ণগুলো দেওয়া হলো।

কোনো কোনো শিক্ষার্থীর কাছে এখানে প্রদত্ত Appropriate Prepositions- এর সংখ্যা একটু বেশি মনে হতে পারে। কিন্তু বাস্তবতা হলো- এগুলো বারবার পড়ে মনে রাখা এবং এদের সঠিক ব্যবহার শেখা খুবই প্রয়োজন। বারবার পড়লে পরীক্ষায় এগুলোকে সঠিকভাবে প্রয়োগ করা যাবে।

Appropriate Prepositions:

1. Absorbed in (যন্ত্র): He is absorbed in thought.
2. Access to (প্রবেশাধিকার): We have free access to the Principal.
3. Accused of (অভিযুক্ত): He was accused of theft.
4. Accustomed to (অভ্যন্ত): I am not accustomed to such a life,
5. Acquainted with (পরিচিত): I am acquainted with him. 
6. Addicted to (আসক): He is addicted to wine
7. Adjacent to (সন্নিহিত): His house is adjacent to mine.
8. Adverse to (প্রতিকূল): Your plan is adverse to our interests. 
9. Afraid of (ভীত): I am afraid of him. He is afraid of committing a crime.
10. Appetite for (ক্ষুখা) I have no appetite for food.
11. Appropriate to (যথাযথ) Your remark is not appropriate to the occasion.
12. Ashamed of (লজ্জিত): 1 am ashamed of your conduct.
13. Assure (one) of (আশ্বস্ত করা) He assured me of his help.
14. Averse to (বিমুখ): He is averse to work.
15. Aware of (অবহিত): He is aware of the fact
16. Bare of (নগ্ন): The field is bare of grass.
17. Based on (ভিত্তির উপর স্থাপিত): What he says is based on truth.
18. Believe in (বিশ্বাস করা) I do not believe (have faith) in his honesty.
19. Belong to (অধিকারে রাখা): This book belongs to me.
20. Beneficial to (উপকারী): Exercise is beneficial to health.
21. Beset with (আক্রান্ত, আকীর্ণ) He is best (surrounded) with dangers.
22. Beware of (সতর্ক হওয়া ) Beware (take heed) of the enemy.
23. Boast of (দম্ভ করা): Do not boast of your wealth.
24. Burdened with (ভারাক্রান্ত): He is burdened with a big family. 
25. Cling to (আঁকড়ায়ে থাকা): He clung to me through my troubles.
26. Close to (সন্নিকটে): His house is close to (near) ine.
27. Commit to (মুখস্ত করা) Commit the passage to memory.
28. Competent for (যোগা): You are not competent for the post.
29. Composed of (গঠিত): What is water composed (made) of?
30. Confident of (দৃঢ়বিশ্বাসী): He confident (hopeful) of success.
31. Congenial to (অনুকূলে): This climate is congenial (favourable) to my health.
32. Congratulate (one) on (one’s success) (অভিনন্দন জানানো): I congratulate you on your success.
33. Conscious of (সচেতন): 1 am conscious (aware) of my weakness.
34. Consistent with (সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ): Your action is not consistent with your principles.
35. Contact with (সংস্পর্শ, সংস্রব)। I have no contact with him.
36. Contented with (পরিতৃপ্ত, তৃষ্ট): He is contented with a little. 
37. Contrary to (বিপরীত)। You acted contrary to (opposite to) my orders. 
38. Cope with (এঁটে উঠা): I cannot cope with (manage) so much work.
39. Dedicate to (উৎসর্গ করা): He dedicated the book to his mother. 
40. Depend on/upon (নির্ভর করা): You can depend on/upon my word. 
41. Dependent on (নির্ভরশীল) He is dependent on me.
42. Depreive of (বঞ্চিত করা) He was deprived of all power.
43. Devoid of (শূন্য): Your story is devoid of (without) truth.
44. Devote to (নিয়োজিত করা): Devote some time to prayer everyday.
45. Dissimilar to (বিসদৃশ): This thing is dissimilar to that.
46. Eligible for (যোগ্য) He is eligible for the post (qualified).
47. End in (পরিণতি): Vice must end (reuslt) in misery.
48. Escape from (নিভৃতি): There is no escape from death.
49. Essential to (অত্যাবশ্যক) Health is essential to succeed in life.
50. Exempt from (রেহাই দেওয়া) He was exempted from the fine.
51. Faithful to (বিশ্বস্ত): The dog is faithful to its master.
52. Fatal to (মারাত্মক) This mistake is fatal to (destructive) his prospects.
53. Forgetful of (অমনোযোগী) He began to work forgetful of verything else.
54. Guilty of (অপরাধী): He is guilty of theft.
55. Hanker after (লালায়িত হওয়া) I do not hanker after wealth.
56. Hide (a thing) from (a person) (লুকানো): I hide nothing from you.
57. Ignorant of (অজ্ঞ): He is ignorant of the fact
58. Impart to (দেওয়া): Impart (give) the knowledge of the thing to him.
59. Impose on (আরোপ করা): The task was imposed (put) on him. He tried to impose (deceive) upon me.
60. Indifferent to (উদাসীন) He is indifferent to my interest.
61. Influenced by (প্রভাবিত): His decision was influenced by my advice.
62. Insist on upon (জেদ করা)। He insists on/upon my doing this 
63. Interest of Interested in (আয়া) I take interest (or. am interested) in this matter. 
64. Involved in (বিজড়িত): I am involved in debt (ডেট-
65. Irrelevant to (a subject) (অপ্রাসঙ্গিক)। Your remark is irrelevant to the subject. 
66. Jealous of (ঈর্ষাপরায়ণ) He is jealos of my fame.
67. Key to (সমাধান): What is the key to the mystery?
68. Lament for (or over) (শোক করা) There is no use lamenting for (or, over) the past. (Also without for or over).
69. Laugh at (ঠাটা করা): Do not laugh at the dwarf.
70. Loyal to (বাধ্য): He is loyal to his master.
71. Mourn for (the dead) (শোক করা)। We all mourn for him
72. Opposition to (বিপরীত) His house is opposite to mine.
73. Opposition to (বিরোধিতা) He offered strong opposition to the bill.
74. Owe to (ঋণী থাকা): Lowe (be indebted for) my all to him.
75. Parallel to (সমান্তরাল): The straight line is parallel to that
76. Passion for (প্রবল আগ্রহ/ঝোঁক): He has a passion for music:
77. Pretext for (ওজর) What is your pretext for opposing me?
78. Prey to (শিকার) He is a prey to greed.2
79. Qualified for (যোগ্য) He is qualified for the post.
80. Rebel against (বিদ্রোহ করা): The soldiers rebelled against the king.
81. Refrain from (বিরত থাকা) I regrain from (do not make) any remark now.
82. Regard for (শ্রদ্ধা) I have no regard (respect) for him.
83. Relevant to (প্রাসঙ্গিক) Your remark is not relevant (pertinent) to the point.
84. Rely on (নির্ভর করা): you may rely on my word.
85. Remarkable for (লক্ষনীয়): He is remarkable (noted) for his strength.
86. Remedy for (প্রতিকার) There is no remedy for this disease.
87. Reply to (জনাব)। I have sent a reply to this enquiry
88. Respect for (শ্রদ্ধা): I have great respect for him.
89. Respond to (সাড়া দেওয়া) Respond to the roll-call
90. Rich in (সমৃদ্ধিশালী): Bangladesh is not rich in minerals.
91. Rid of (মুক্ত): Get rid of your bad habit.
92. Short of (অভাব): I am short of funds.
93. Similar to (সদৃশ): The thing is similar to that.
94. Stare at (a person) (স্থির দৃষ্টিতে তাকানো): He stared at me.
95. Startled at (আশ্চর্য হওয়া): He was startled at the sight.
96. Submit to (বশ্যতা স্বীকার করা): The rebels submitted to the king (gave in).
97. Subordinate to (অধস্তন): He is subordinate (lower in position) to me is service.
98. Sufficient for (পর্যাপ্ত): This amount is sufficient for our purpose, 
99. Sure of (নিশ্চিত): I am sure of success,
100. Suprised at, by (বিস্মিত হওয়া) I am surprised at (or by) your conduct 
101. Suspect of something (সন্দেহ করা): 1 suspect him of treachery. ithnd no
102. Suspicious of (সন্দিহান) He is suspicious of my motive.
103. Taste for (liking for) (পছন্দ) He has no taste for music.
104. Think over (বিবেচনা করা) Think carefully over his advice. S
105. Thirst for (কামনা করা): We all thirst for happiness.
106. Tolerant of (সহনশীল) We must be tolerant of opposition.
107. Tremble with (fear) (কাঁপা): The child trembled with fear.
108. True to (একনিষ্ঠ): Be true to your word. 
109. (To be) Used to (অভ্যন্ত) He is used to such hardships.
110. Vary from, (at) Variance with (ভিন্নতর হওয়া): Your story varies (differs) from his. Your story is at variance with his.
111. Victim of (বলি, শিকার) He was a victim of the earthquake disaster.
112. Victim to (অর্থলিলা): He died as a victim to his own folly. He fell a victim to avarice. 
113. Void of (শূন্য): Your remark is void of any meaning
114. Weak in (a subject or mind) (দুর্বল) He is weak in Arabic
115. Wish for (আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা) I do not wish for rieches.
116. Wonder at (বিস্মিত হওয়া): We wondered at the vastness of the sea.
117. Worthy of (যোগ্য): He is worthy of praise (or. favour).
118. Yield to (বশ্যতা স্বীকার করা): The rebels yielded to the king

Exercise 

01.

Hi Tina! We’re looking forward to seeing you (a)____ next Sunday (b)____ the St. Martin’s Island. We’re having a great time here. Parma and I run (c)____ the morning. Alok gets our breakfast (d)____ a local restaurant. Then from about ten o’clock (e)____ lunch we do what we want. (f)____ night, we cook our meal. There’s a forest (g) ____ the hotel and sometimes I go for a walk. I am now writing you sitting (h)____ a banyan tree. The weather is beautiful here. We are missing you a lot

02.

Dear Suzan,

Yesterday I visited the export fair, held (a)____ Dhaka. I (b)____ with my friends went (c)____ the fair. First we entered (d) ____the pavilion of Bangladesh. The handicrafts and mignificent paintings made us really spell bound. We found beautiful dress and sarees made (e) ____ handlooms. Each stall surprised us (f)____ its excellent products. All the handicrafts testified (g)____ the skill and artistic taste (h)____ our workers. No more today.

03.

(a)____ the day before examination a student should keep everything ready (b)____ the examination. (c) ____getting the question paper, he/she would go (d) ____ all the questions properly. He/She should select the questions which are best prepared (e)____ him. It is not good (f) ____change his/her hand writing. He/She must aim (g)____ all the questions. Another important note is he/she would give importance to each question according (h) ____their marks.

04.

Dear Mina,

Hope you are well. Yesterday I was reading an article (a) ____a corrupted person. This news has appeared (b)____ Daily Shomakal. The man was arrested and appeared (c)____ the the court. It appeared (d)____ the judge that he was guilty. So the man was sentenced (e)____ imprisonment of six months. Corruption is a vice and here this vice results (f) ____ greed and this greed results (g)____ imprisonment. So we should abstain (h)____corruption.

05.

There are a great many kinds of animals and birds in the world. Some have died out and some are (a)____ danger. The dodo is one (b) ____the birds which are now extinct. The early Portuguese explorers were the first to see the dodo. They were seeking a safe sea-route (c)____ India and discovered the island of Mauritius half way (d) ____the Indian Ocean in 1598. They used this island to have their ships restocked (e)____ water and food. So whenever they stopped (f)____Mauritius, they went ashore and hunted these birds (g)____ food. They reported that (h)____ March to September the birds were fat and exceptionally tasty.

06.

The Olympic Games were named (a) ____the town (b)____ Olympia (c)____ Greece. In those days Greece was divided (d)____ many cities. They used to fight (e)____ themselves. A man named Iphitos was concerned (f) ____such wasteful strafes. He hit (g)____ a plan to set (h)____ peace in the country. His plan worked well.

07.

A nurse attends (a)____ her work place (b)____ time to attend (c)____ her patients. She does not aspire (d)____ riches. She feels proud (e)____ being blessed (f)____ a technical knowledge and motherly affection. She is always cautious (g)____ her duties and responsibilities. Besides her attitude (h)____ the patient is affectionate as well.

08.

All the people of Bangladesh are quite familiar (a)____street accidents. There are many reasons (b)____ street accidents. Roads and streets are not constructed according (c)____ a modern plan. Our cities and towns remain full (d)____ traffic. Again the drivers are not expert (e)____ driving. Many of them are addicted (f) ____wine. They should abstain (g) ____addiction. It is seen that hundreds of people die (h)____ street accidents every year.

09.

Man is a social being. So he cannot live (a)______ companion. He has to live (b)______ a particular place and has (c)______ maintain good relation (d)______ the people (e)______ that particular area. He cannot do even a single day (f)______ their help. A neighbour is really our best friend as he comes (g)______ help us (h) ______ time of our need.

10.

Dear Janet,

I have just got your letter. You have wanted to know (a)______ the rainy season of Bangladesh. The rainy season comprises (b)______ two Bengali months called Ashar and Shravan. The southeast monsoon blows (c)______ Bangladesh (d) ______ the summer. The heat of summer evaporates the sea-water. This vapour is cooled and condensed (e)______ clouds. The sky remains overcast (f)______ dark clouds. Sometimes it rains (g)______ some days and excessive rainfall is one of the causes of floods (h)______ our country. Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

Shimul

11.

Dear Jamil,

Hope you are hale and hearty. Now, I am writing to you about the hospitality I received from Asif. Asif is my friend. His village home is (a)______ Sylhet. On the occasion of last summer vacation, I went (b)______ his house. His parents received me (c)______  their deep warmth of heart. They were beside themselves (d)______ joy His village is a place (e) ______ scenic beauty. It is surrounded (f)______  green scenery. I lost myself (g) ______ the midst of nature. The tea gardens attracted me most. They were not far away (h) ______ their house.

No more today. 

Yours ever

A

12.

England is a wonderful country (a)______ the world. You are lucky enough (b)______ stay there. You wrote me that you could not adjust (c) ______ the new place and new food. It takes time to get accustomed (d) ______ new environment. Nothing is impossible (e) ______ a man. (f)______ thc passage of time you will be able (g)______ adjust yourself (h)______ the new place and food.

13.

My Dear Sima,

I received your letter yesterday. You have wanted to know (a)______ me. I live (b)______ Dhaka, the capital city (c)______ Bangladesh. I am a VII grade student, and taking preparation (d)______ final examination. Besides other activities, I have some special fascination (e)______ gardening. I am very keen (f)______ hear (g)______ looking (h)______ for an early reply from you. doing you. I am

Yours sincerely

Amin

14.

At first I went (a)______ the shed (b)______ which the monkeys were chattering. They were jumping (c)______ one bar (d)______ another. I gave them some nuts. Then I went (e)______ the cage (f)______ which there were two big snakes. They seemed (g)______ be asleep. The sight (h)______ the snakes made my blood creep. 

15.

Dear Imran,

You will be glad that I am going to talk (a)______ the system how examination papers are marked (b)______ Britain. (c)______ the paper has been completed (d)______ the candidates, it is collected (e)______ the invigilators who bundle the papers together and place them counted and labeled (f)______ an envelope. They are then sent (g)______ the chief examiner, who distributes them (h) ______ marking

Answer:

1. (a) on (b) in (c) in (d) from (e) till f) At (g) behind (h) under
2. (a) in (b) along (c) to (d) into (e) by (f) with (g) to (h) of
3. (a) On (b) for (c) After (d) through (e) by (f) to (g) at (h) to
4. (a) about (b) in (c) before (d) to (e) to (f) from (g) in (h) from
5. (a) in (b) of (c) to (d) in (e) with (f) at (g) for (h) from
6. (a) after (b) of (c) in (d) into (e) among (f) about (g) upon (h) up
7. (a) to (b) in (c) on (d) for (e) of (f) with (g) of (h) towards
8. (a) with (b) for (c) to (d) of (e) in (f) to (g) from (h) by
9. (a) without (b) at (c) to (d) with (e) of (f) without (g) to (h) in
10. (a) about (b) of (c) over (d) during (e) into (f) with (g) for (h) in
11. (a) in (b) to (c) with (d) with (e) of (f) by (g) in (h) from
12. (a) in (b) to (c) to (d) to (e) for (f) With (g) to (h) with
13. (a) about (b) in (c) of (d) for (e) for (f) to (g) from (h) forward
14. (a) to (b) in (c) from (d) to (e) to (f) in (g) to (h) of
15. (a) about (b) in (c) After (d) by (e) by (f) in (g) to (h) for

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