Concept About Schizophrenia – This book covers the entire syllabus of “Pharmacology” prescribed by BNMC- for diploma in nursing science & midwifery students. We tried to accommodate the latest information and topics. This book is an examination setup according to the teachers’ lectures and examination questions.
At the end of the book, previous questions are given. We hope in touch with the book students’ knowledge will be upgraded and flourish. The unique way of presentation may make your reading of the book a pleasurable experience.
Concept About Schizophrenia
The term Schizophrenia is given to a group of psychotic diseases characterized by:
➤ Disturbance of thought process.
➤Blunting of normal emotional response.
➤Hallucinatory disturbances of perception.
➤ Disturbances of motor activity.
➤ Withdrawal of reality.
The primary abnormality in schizophrenia is increased dopaminergic activity in the limbic system. This is due to:
➤Dopamine receptor (D2) super-sensitivity
➤Overproduction of dopamine.
➤ Reduce dopamine destruction.
Classification of Psychotropic Drugs
A. Hypnotics/Sedatives
- Nitrazepam
- Phenobarbitone
- Butobarbitone
- Pentobarbitone Na+
- Methaqualone
B. Tranquillisers
- Chlorpromazine
- Thioridazine
- Haloperidol
- Diazepam
- Oxazepam
- Meprobamate
C. Anti-depressant
- Imipramine
- Amitriptyline
- Nortriptyline
Tranquillisers
Drugs that are used for producing calmness and quietness in the psychotic patient & to reduce anxiety, tension and agitation without producing excessive sedation, hypnosis or anaesthesia are called tranquillisers. They are called “PEACE pill” also
Classification of Tranquillisers
A. Major tranquillisers:
a. Phenothiazine derivatives
1. Aliphatic side chain derivatives:
- Chlorpromazine
- Triflupromazine
- Promethazine
2. Piperidine derivarives:
- Thioridazine
- Mesoridazine
3. Piperazine side chain derivatives:
- Fluphenazine
- Trifluophenazie
4. Rauwolfia alkaloid
- Reserpine
- Reserpidine
5. Butyrophenone derivatives:
- Haloperidol
- Droperidol
- Benperidol
6. Thioxanthine derivatives:
- Thiothixene
- Chlorprothixene
7. Dyphenyl-butyl-piperadine derivarives:
- Fluspirilene
- Pimozide
8. Others: Clozapine, Loxapine
B. Minor tranquillisers:
1. Benzodiazepines:
- Diazepam
- Clobazam
- Lorazepam.
- Nitrazepam Temazepam
- Medazepam
2. Propyl alcohol: Meprobamate
3. Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone
4. Miscellaneous:
- Oxypertine
- Opipramol
- Benzoctamine
- Chlormethazole
Widely used tranquillisers
➤ Chlorpromazine
➤ Haloperidol
➤ Droperidol
Pharmacokinetic properties of antipsychotic drugs
A. Route of administration: oral, parenteral and rectal,
B. Most anti-psychotic drugs undergo significant first pass metabolism (exception haloperidol).
C. Highly lipid soluble and protein bound (92-99%)
D. Volume of distribution large.
E. They generally have a much longer duration of action.
F. Completely metabolized by variety of processes
Read more: