Definition of Cell – Introduction to fundamental concepts of Biological Science including the organization and common characteristics of living matters, cell structures and functions, food production by photosynthesis, harvesting energy, mechanism of cells reproduction, genetics, evolutions, and Human Biology. Introduction to general chemistry including basic concepts about matter, atomic structure, chemical bonds, gases, liquid, and solids, solutions, chemical reactions, acid, bases, and salt;
organic and biochemistry including hydrocarbons and their derivatives, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, nucleic acids; principles of physics and applications to nursing including gravity and mechanics, pressure, heat and electricity; nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, effects of radiation on human beings, and protection and disposal. The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills in general biological science, general chemistry and physics.
Definition of Cell
Cell is the structural and functional unit of living being/organism.
- The entire body contains about 100 trillion cells. Of which about 25% comprises RBC.
- The size of cell varies according to type and function, ranging from 5 micrometer to 50 micrometer.
or
The structural and functional unit of all living organism is called cell. Cell is the structural & functional unit of the body. The human body is made up of about 100 trillions of cells.
Figure: Microscopic structure of a typical human cell.
Nice To Know
1. Largest Cell of Human Body: Neuron. [According To Length].
2. Largest Cell of Human Body: Mature Ovum. [According To Size].
3. Smallest Cell of Human Body: Platelet (Blood).
Types of Cell:
1. Somatic cell (all cells other than germ cells): Involved with general function of our body.
2. Germ cell (sex cell): Involved with reproduction of of human beings. Example Sperm & ovum.
Parts of Human Cell:
Another Answer
A cell has two components-
1. Cell membrane
2. Protoplasm
1. Cell membrane
2. Protoplasm:
A. Cytoplasm:
a) Organelles
- I. Membranous:
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi complex.
- Peroxisomes.
- Lysosomes.
II. Non membranous:
- Ribosomes.
- Centrioles
- Microfilaments
- Microtubules
b) Inclusions:
- Secretory granules
- Pigment granules.
- Lipid and glycogen.
- Crystals.
B. Nucleus:
a) Nuclear membrane.
b) Nucleolus,
c) Nucleoplasm,
d) Chromatin.
Functions of Cell
| Components | Functions |
| 1. Cytoplasm | Characterized by transport and many metabolic pathways. |
| 2. Nucleus | Contains a genome and synthesizes DNA and RNA. |
| 3. Endoplasmic reticulum | Synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins. |
| 4. Golgi apparatus | Modification and selective transport of proteins and lipids. |
| 5. Endosome | Incorporation into and sorting of materials within the cell. |
| 6. Lysosome | Material digestion within the cell. |
| 7. Peroxisome | Oxidization of toxic molecules |
| 8. Mitochondria | ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. |
| 9. Chloroplast | ATP synthesis and carbon fixation by photosynthesis. |
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