Definition of Energy – Introduction to fundamental concepts of Biological Science including the organization and common characteristics of living matters, cell structures and functions, food production by photosynthesis, harvesting energy, mechanism of cells reproduction, genetics, evolutions, and Human Biology. Introduction to general chemistry including basic concepts about matter, atomic structure, chemical bonds, gases, liquid, and solids, solutions, chemical reactions, acid, bases, and salt;
organic and biochemistry including hydrocarbons and their derivatives, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, nucleic acids; principles of physics and applications to nursing including gravity and mechanics, pressure, heat and electricity; nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, effects of radiation on human beings, and protection and disposal. The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills in general biological science, general chemistry and physics.
Definition of Energy
Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy can be possessed in two ways: as kinetic energy and as potential energy. The S.I. unit of energy is joule.
Measurement of Energy:
1. Calorie: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C (small calorie).
2. Kilogram calorie:-It is the large calorie used in nutrition and its amount of heat required to raise 1000 c.c. of water 1°C. It is abbreviated by Kcal.
Energy value of food:-
| Carbohydrates | 4 calories per gram |
| Fats | 9 calories per gram |
| Proteins | 4 calories per gram |
3. Kinetic energy: It is the energy associated with motion. The kinetic energy (KE) of moving object is calculated by KE=1/2 mv², where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.
4. Potential energy: It is stored energy and depends on an object’s position or composition. The stored energy is potential energy because it is potentially available to be changed to kinetic energy.
5. Chemical energy is a form of potential energy that can be changed to other forms when reactions occur.
Many chemical reactions release energy, usually in the form of heat, although other forms of energy may also be released (light, electrical, sound, etc.). Heat-producing reactions are termed exothermic. The groups of chemical changes that absorb heat upon reaction are called endothermic. Law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of the universe is constant and can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed.
Types of Energy:
Types of energy can be categorized into two broad categories –
➤ Kinetic energy (the energy of moving objects) and
➤ Potential energy (energy that is stored).
These are the two basic forms of energy.
The different types of energy include
➤ Thermal energy,
➤ Radiant energy,
➤ Chemical energy,
➤ Nuclear energy,
➤ Electrical energy,
➤ Motion energy,
➤ Sound energy,
➤ Elastic energy and
➤ Gravitational energy.
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