Definition of Environment – Nursing is a profession within the healthcare sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other healthcare providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in many specialisms with differing levels of prescriber authority.
Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level. In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.
Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient’s family, and other team members, that focus on treating illness to improve quality of life. Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of an interdisciplinary healthcare team such as therapists, medical practitioners, and dietitians. Nurses provide care both interdependently, for example, with physicians, and independently as nursing professionals.
Definition of Environment
Q. What do you mean by environment? (BNMC-2019, DU-Jan 16/ July-17, 16)
Q. Define environment.
Answer:
The term environment implies all the external factors-living and nonliving, material and non- material which surround man.
Or
“The aggregate of all external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism, human behavior or society is known as environment”
Figure: Natural Environment
Environment is the sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage.
Hospital Environment
Q. Mention the types of environment?
Q. What are the types of environment? (SUST-14, 12)
Answer:
Classification of Environment:
Environment may be classified as internal and external-
A. Internal environment: Tissues, organs, organ systems of the body
B. External environment or macro-environment: All that which is external to the individual human lost, living and non-living, and with which he is in constant interaction. External environment includes air, water, food, housing etc.
For descriptive purposes, the environment of man can be divided into three components-
A. Physical environment: Air, water, soil, housing, climate, geography, heat, light, noise, debris, radiation etc.
B. Biological environment: Microorganisms, insects rodents, animals and plants
C. Social/Psychological environment: Cultural values, customs, habits, income, occupation, religion, education, life-styles, community life, health services, social and political organization.
Q. What are the elements of environment?
Q. Write down the elements of environment.
Answer:
Elements of environment:
A. Physical: Air, food, water, house, occupation, travels, recreation, wastes, soil, climate, season, heat, light, radiation, noise, geography and geological structure.
B. Biological: Microorganism, Plant and animal life including bacteria, viruses, insects, rodents and animals.
C. Social/Psychological: Customs, culture, habits, beliefs, attitudes, morals, religions, community life, health services, social and political organization.
D. Economical: Occupation, standard of living, poverty, opportunities of life.
Q. What are the environmental factors which may influence health of a person? (DU-Jan 19, 16/ July-17, 16)
Q. Write down the environmental factors which may effect on health?
Answer:
Environmental Factors That Influencing on Health:
Environmental factor refers to both the internal and external context of the clients in the health care situation. The concept of environment includes specific variables such as religious beliefs, the nature of the community a person’s lives or works in family strengths and structure and access to resources.
A. Internal environment includes: Internal factors such as personality, mental capacity and genetics make
B. External environment: Environment outside the animal; includes ambient temperature, wind chill factor, bedding adequacy, stall space, feed and water supply
a) Natural environment:
- Physical environment: air, water, sunlight, soil
- Biological environment: animal, plant, microorganism.
b) Humanistic-social environment:
- The number of population
- Cultural education
- Interpersonal relationship
- Scientific management
- Medical care services system.
C. Therapeutic environment: It is an environment that created by professionals aimed to fit the recovery of client’s physiological and psychological health.
Q. Define therapeutic environment?
Answer:
Definition of Therapeutic Environment:
Therapeutic environments can refer to physical, social, and psychological safe spaces that are specifically designed to be healing. But most often, the term therapeutic environment refers to a physical space that is set up to allow individuals to work through and overcome medical issues.
Q. What do you mean by environmental health?
Answer:
Definition of Environmental Health:
According to World Health Organization (WHO):
Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics.
Or
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. Environmental health is focused on the natural and built environments for the benefit of human health.
The major sub-disciplines of environmental health are:
- Environmental science;
- Environmental and occupational medicine,
Q. What are the basic needs of environmental health?
Answer:
Basic Needs of Environmental Health:
1. Provision of safe water and adequate water supply
2. Disposal of waste
3. Provision of good housing
4. Air hygiene
5. Safe guarding of food
6. Disinfection
7. Control of insect vectors and other pests
8. Control of animal reservoir of infection
9. Elimination of hazards of noise, radiation etc.
10. Control of occupational hazards
Q. Define environmental sanitation.
Answer:
Definition of Environmental Sanitation:
The term ‘environmental sanitation’ has been defined by WHO as – “The control of all those factors in man’s physical environment which exercise or may exercise a deleterious effect on his physical development, health and survival.”
Q. Write down the importance of environmental sanitation?
Answer:
Importance of Environmental Sanitation:
1. Much of the ill-health in Bangladesh is due to poor environmental sanitation, i.e., unsafe water, polluted soil, unhygienic disposal of human excreta and refuse, poor housing, insects and rodents.
2. High infant mortality rate, sickness rate and poor standards of health are largely due to poor environmental sanitation. Improvement of environmental sanitation is therefore crucial for the prevention of disease and promotion of health of individuals and communities.
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