Definition of Intelligence – Behavioral sciences explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioral interactions between organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through the study of the past, controlled and naturalistic observation of the present and disciplined scientific experimentation and modeling.
It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation. Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society.
Definition of Intelligence | CHAPTER 20 | Behavioral Science
According to Thorndike
“Intelligence is the ability to give responses that are true”.
According to Terman
“Intelligence is the ability to carry on abstract thinking”
According to Piaget
“Intelligence is a biological adaptation consisting of process of assimilation and accommodation”
According to Binet
“Intelligence is a goal directed behavior”
(Ref by-Jacob Anthikad/5h/188)
Types of Intelligence:
Intelligence can be divided into three kinds:
1. Mechanical intelligence
2. Social intelligence
3. Abstract (or general) intelligence.
A. Mechanical Intelligence
It is the skill to ‘manipulate tools and gadgets’ and in managing the working of machines. Mechanical engineers and trained industrial workers have an abundance of mechanical ‘intelligence.
B. Social Intelligence
It means understanding of people and the ability to act wisely in human relationships. Salesmen, diplomats and politicians are to be socially intelligent.
C. Abstract Intelligence
It is the ability to handle words, numbers, formulae and scientific principles. A person with abstract intelligence is able to discover >>> relations among symbols to solve problems, e.g. professionals like doctors, lawyers and literary men.
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