Effective Communication & Interpersonal Communication – Nursing is a profession within the healthcare sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other healthcare providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in many specialisms with differing levels of prescriber authority.
Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level. In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.
Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient’s family, and other team members, that focus on treating illness to improve quality of life. Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of an interdisciplinary healthcare team such as therapists, medical practitioners, and dietitians. Nurses provide care both interdependently, for example, with physicians, and independently as nursing professionals.
Effective Communication & Interpersonal Communication
Effective Communication:
An Effective Communication is a communication between two or more persons wherein the intended message is successfully delivered, received and understood.
Or
Effective Communication is defined as the ability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently.
Or
Effective communication is a two way information sharing process which involves one party sending a message that is easily understood by the receiving party.
Barriers of Effective Communication:
A. Physiological:
- Difficulties in hearing,
- Difficulties in Expression.
- Language problems
B. Psychological:
- Emotional disturbances,
- Neurosis,
- Level of intelligence,
- Language or comprehension difficulties.
C. Environmental:
- Noise,
- Invisibility,
- Congestion.
- tata Crowd
- Lack of privacy
D. Cultural:
- Illiteracy,
- Level of knowledge & understanding,
- Customs,
- Beliefs,
- Religion,
- Attitudes,
- Economic and social class differences,
- Language variations,
- Cultural difficulties between foreigners and nationals, between urban education & the rural population.
E. Additional Barriers in communication:
- Being Defensive
- Stereotype
- Interrupting
- Inattention
- Stress
- Unclear expectation
The barriers should be identified and remove for achieving effective communication.
Way to Overcome the Barrier of Communication:
➤ Improving feedback: Feedback helps to reduce misunderstandings; the information is reached more accurately when the receiver is given opportunity to ask for clarification.
➤ Develop writing skills: A well written message can help avoid semantic and perception barriers.
➤ Avoid credibility gap: Communication is a continuing process and the goal at communication is complete. Understanding and trust.
➤ The ideas and message
- Clear, concise and easy understand able
- Less use of symbol and complex sentences
- Planned and specific object
➤ Appropriate timing
- Appropriate time both for sender and receiver including proper response to the message.
➤ Good listening skills
- Patience, sensitive and mutual respect and trust
➤ Positive attitudes
- Confidence and definitive
➤ Sound communication environment
- Careful selection of place, mode and media of communication
➤ Comprehensive communication process
- Combinations of channels, types and media of communication
(Another Answer)
1. Greeting
2. Exchange information
3. Talking to colleagues
4. Giving direction/advice
5. Telephoning
6. Arranging appointment
7. Casual conversation
8. Good listening
9. Maintain time table
10. Consider the age, sex, culture, language, custom, beliefs, values situations and subject matters etc.
Characteristics or Criteria of Effective Communication:
The chief characteristics or criteria of an effective communication system are as follows:
1. Clearness and integrity of message to be conveyed.
2. Adequate briefing of the recipient.
3. Accurate plan of objectives.
4. Reliability and uniformity of the message.
5. To know the main purpose of the message.
6. Proper response or feedback.
7. Correct timing.
8. Use of proper medium to convey the message properly.
9. Use of informal communication.
or
When choosing words to say or to write, nurse needs to consider the criteria of an effective communication. These are included-
1. Simplicity
2. Clarity
3. Credibility
4. Reliability
5. Adoptability
6. Timing and time less
7. Sending the message in right place
8. Positive language
9. Consistency
Principles of Communication
- Clarity
- Completeness
- Consciousness
- Context ness
- Cleanliness
- Correctness
- Attention
- Effective Listening
- Informal Relation
- Simplicity
- Clarify Object
- Review
- Cooperation
- Feed back
- Using Language
- Coordination
- Persuasion
- Unity
- Dynamism
Or,
1. Communication should have objective and purposive.
2. Should be appropriate to situation.
3. Systematic analysis of the message, i.e., the idea, the thought to be communicated, so that one is clear about it.
4. Selection and determination of appropriate language and medium of communication according to
its purpose. 5. Organizational climate, including appropriate timing and physical setting to convey the desired meaning of the communication.
6. Consultation with others for planning of communication; involves special preparation.
7. Message should convey something of value to the receiver in the light of his needs and interests.
8. The communication action following a communication is important in effective communication as this speaks more than his/her words.
9. The sender has to understand the receiver’s attitude and reaction by careful, alert and proper listening to ensure that the desired meaning of the message has been comprehended by the receiver.
10. Credibility is very important.
11. Communication programme should make use of existing facilities to the great extent possible and should avoid challenging them unnecessarily.
Steps of Communication:
Below are the 4 steps to having effective communication whether in a business relationship or a personal relationship.
Step 1: Listening: It is not the same as hearing; a person can hear something and not really give attention to it but when you listen you consciously choose to give your whole attention. You hear with your ear and you listen with your mind. In order for a message to be properly conveyed the receiver needs to give their full attention in order to receive the message given.
Step 2: Processing: For some people, once they receive the message, it may be quick to process the message or it may take some time. This step is important in communication because it defines how specific your response will be. Also, this step will have a huge effect in effective communication between one person to another. Processing is one of the hardest steps in communication because there are many obstacles that may prevent a person from receiving the message correctly such as; noise, power or just indifferences.
Step 3: Organizing: This is when the receiver takes what they have received, in whole, and put in order the message from beginning to end; another word would be decoding. This is also a great time to REPEAT back to the sender what they have conveyed so that it can be clear and precise.
Assumptions and mixed interpretations are made in this step which is why I suggest repeating back to the sender so that there will be no miscommunication. I have learned to use the “repeating” in all my communication skills whether it is with business partners or even with my own family. It has helped to reach the last step which is responding.
Step 4: Responding: Communication in Nursing cs Scanned with CamScanner 358 This step is when the receiver returns their answer to the sender after the receiver has understood the message that has been given by the sender. This is the final step in an effective communication where the receiver will respond by some action whether it be a critique or just a plain message. This is the last step to a complete and effective communication.
In many cases, the sender may not receive the response very well by the receiver because there may have been a certain expectation that was not clear to the receiver. This is why in any communication it has to start with a clear message.
Impacts/Characteristics of Poor Communication:
- Reluctances in carrying out the instruction or improper response or resection of instruction.
- Frustration and confusion or uncertainly
- Rumors
- Misunderstanding and conflicts
- Line loss, distortion of facts & destruction of discipline
- Time and other resources wastage
- Low morale, credibility gap, poor result and sickness.
Factors Influencing Communication Process:
1. Ability of individual to send & receive messages
2. Perceptions of sender & receiver
3. Personal space/Proxemics
4. Territoriality
5. Roles and Relationships
6. Time Environment
7. Attitudes
8. Emotions and Self-Esteem
Channel of Communication
In upward communication: In upward communication, the manager is a subordinate to higher management, needs and wants are communicated upward to the next level in the hierarchy.
In downward communication: In downward communication, the manager really information to subordinates
In Horizontal communication: In horizontal communication, the manager interacts with managers of other departments in the organizations.
In Diagonal communication: In diagonal communication, the manager interphase with the personal and managers of other departments, and groups such as physician who are not on the same level of organizational hierarchy. The communication is vital to the functioning of the organization.
The Guidelines/Strategies for Effective Communication with Subordinates
Know the context of the instruction: manage must be clear about-
- What is to be done by whom?
- The time frame for the communication, feedback and task completion
- Evaluation procedure
Get positive attention:
- Remove the factors that may interfere the listening
- Highlight the value and appropriateness for
Give clear, concise and well structure instruction
- Use none offensive/no defensive style and planned well structure massage
- Use precise massage with clear, simple language but include all the needed information
- Set sequence of steps clearly in case of multiple actions needed to complete the task.
Ensure appropriateness of massage through feedback –
- Ask for repeating the information be sure about the appropriateness
- Repeat the massage if necessary.
- Be patience and show respect
- Be a good listener and help the receiver as needed
Make follow up and evaluate the outcomes –
- Follow up to determine the outcomes
- Evaluate the outcome
- Acknowledge for the appropriate response through feedback process.
- Maintain a good and consistent relationship with the subordinated.
Use proper form and media of communication –
CONCEPT ABOUT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Interpersonal Communication came to being when men began to exchange ideas and thoughts to one another. Interpersonal Communication is a kind of communication in which people communicate their feeling, ideas, emotions and information face to face to each other. It can be in verbal or non-verbal form. Interpersonal communication is not only about what is said and what is received but also about how it is said, how the body language used, and what was the facial expression.
In simple words the communication between two people is referred as Interpersonal communication. It is one of the basic means of communication.
Definition of Interpersonal Communication:
Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages: it is face-to-face communication.
or
Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people.
Characteristics of Interpersonal Communication:
- Awareness of self and values
- Ability to analyze own feelings.
- Altruism (receive self-satisfaction from helping people in a humanistic way).
- Strong sense of ethics (make the best possible judgment based on high principles of human welfare).
- Responsibility (taking responsibility for one own actions and sharing responsibility with others.
Function of Interpersonal Communication
1. Functions of interpersonal communication are few participants involved and consist of inquiring, informing, persuading, and entertaining.
2. During inquiring interpersonal communication establish good understanding each other.
3. There are in close physical interaction to each other.
4. There are many sensory channels used. So that feedback is immediate.
5. Sharing ideas, feelings, and contributes together to total nursing care and treatment of the clients or patients.
6. The major functions of the clients are to help and heal. Nurse is seeking to help and patients are seeking to heal.
7. Helping relationship is occurring during interpersonal communication.
8. It is facilitated by principles of presence intention and purpose, empathy, guiding, and spirituality.
Importance/Purpose of Interpersonal Communication
1. Helping clients to promote maintain or restore health.
2. To achieve a peaceful death.
3. Facilitating client management of difficult health care issues.
4. Providing quality nursing care in an efficient manner
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