Population Problem in Bangladesh – Behavioral sciences explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioral interactions between organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through the study of the past, controlled and naturalistic observation of the present and disciplined scientific experimentation and modeling.
It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation. Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society.
Population Problem in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. It is a small country of 147570 square kilometers. But it has a population over 16 cores. Every year more than two million people are being added to our population. The problem is now out of control.
Though the population of a country is an asset, it becomes a problem when the country cannot afford to give people the basic necessaries of life like food, clothing, education, medicine and shelter etc.
There are many causes of rapid growth of population. Nowadays owing to better explosion of medical facilities and improvements of standard of living the death rate has gone down much but on the other hand the birth rate is on the constant increase. Early marriage and literacy rate are two important causes of the growth of population. The population of our country is increasing at an alarming rate.
- The current population of Bangladesh is 163,097,812 as of Sunday, August 7, 2016, based on the latest United Nations estimates.
- Bangladesh population is equivalent to 2.19% of the total world population.
- Bangladesh ranks number 8 in the list of countries by population.
- The population density in Bangladesh is 1252 per Km² (3,241 people per mi²).
- The total land area is 130,172 Km² (50,260 sq. miles)
- 34.2% of the population is urban (56,856,665 people in 2016)
- The median age in Bangladesh is 26 years.
Causes of Population Problem in Bangladesh
Industrial Revolution:
- With the industrial revolution came advances in agriculture and industry that gave way to individual families being able to afford more children. In addition, increases in our knowledge about nutrition and medicine helped us to have more healthy babies.
- When women take care of their bodies better, they are more fertile and therefore can have more children.
With cures for fatal diseases including antibiotics and vaccines, these children are also able to live longer.
Technological Advancements:
- In addition, these technological advancements allowed us to care for all of these people as well. In essence, the population took care of itself. It was around 1950 when the population began to skyrocket.
Aging:
- Coming population declines in many developed countries will accompany very low proportions of youth and high proportions of older people in these societies.
- The resulting policy challenges of how to support increasing numbers of retirees while maintaining productive economies have already arrived in the Bangladesh as well as in many developing countries. For example, 23 percent of the population is less than 15 years old-a proportion much closer.
Difference between Growth & Death rate:
- The two elements that regulate population growth are birth and death rates. The question then is whether a slowdown in population growth will be a result of a decrease in births or an increase in deaths.
- If the population continues to grow without bound, nature will take over and the death rate will rise to solve the problem. Unfortunately, this is not the most attractive solution for us. Instead, we would rather control the number of births in order to attack the source of this world problem and save the Earth from being over- capacitated.
Geouraphical Conditioni
- Bangladesh has a limited geographical area. Therefore, she cannot provide the ever- growing population in such a small area.
- Besides this large population has become a burden on the available natural resources of the country.
Illiteracy:
- Illiteracy is the most important cause of population problem in Bangladesh. About 85% people live in villages.
- They are illiterate. They are not aware of their responsibilities. They cannot realize the importance of family planning. Therefore, they become parents of so many poor children. At this national progress is greatly hampered.
Gender:
- Improving literacy for women in developing countries has been a proven factor in lowering fertility and improving reproductive health.
- Improving the status of women at home, in the workplace, and in social and political life (as well as involving women and men equally in their reproductive decisions) also foreshadows improved health outcomes as well as overall economic growth.
Religious influence:
- Some orthodox people opine that to adopt family planning measure is a sinful act. They think,
“God will feed everyone whom he has created.”
- Being influenced by them, many people do not adopt family planning measures. As a result, population goes on increasing day by day.
Custom of Early Marriage:
- In early age’s marriage people unable to realize the value of birth controlling. Because they has the lack of knowledge.
Female Education:
- As 50% of the total population of our country are of the female sex.
- However, in our country, women are not properly get chance to be educated. Without being an educated person, they cannot understand many important things in life as like population problem.
Effects of overpopulation in Bangladesh
Food problem:
- Population in Bangladesh is increasing by geometrical progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression.
- The production of food cannot keep pace with our increasing people. So there is the shortage of food in our country. Every year a large quantity of food is to be imported from abroad
Communication problem:
- There are crowds everywhere in buses, trains, bazars, schools, colleges etc. People climb on the roof of the buses and trains to travel one to another as there is no room inside. This causes the accident.
Educational problem:
- It creates educational problem too.
- It is a herculean job to get admission in schools and colleges. For twenty seats, there may be two thousands candidates.
Unemployment:
- In the field of employment this condition is hazardous.
- For one single vacant post there will be thousand candidates. Thousands and thousands people are out of work in the country.
Shelter problem:
- The area of Bangladesh is too small to arrange shelter for the large number of population.
- In our country some people sleep under the open sky, under the large tree, at railway station.
Health problem:
- “Health is wealth”, but our people are suffering from many diseases.
- Many children of our country are blind because they do not get enough nutrition. Our children often suffer in diarrhea.
Medical and medicine problem:
- The large number of population creates the treatment problems too.
There is only one qualified doctor for every 25,000 village people on the average. They also do not get proper and sufficient medicine.
Environmental pollution:
- The increasing people pollute our environment by making latrins on the bank of rivers and canals.
Human waste pollutes our environments. The vast population also produce so much carbon dioxide which is danger for the environment.
Poverty:
- The increasing population of our country is creating pressure to our wealth. So day by day we become poor.
Preventive Measures to Solve Population Problem in Bangladesh
Family planning:
- Each family must not have more than two children. Then each family will be pianned. They should be made aware of the gravity of the problem.
Education of the masses:
- To check the growth of population, top-most importance should be attached to education of the masses.
- If the entire population are educated, there would develop a sense of national awareness and wide outlook among them.
Stop early marriage:
- If we do not stop early marriage, the people of our country will be increasing at an alarming rate day by day.
Raising awareness:
- One of the most important solutions can be the raising of awareness among people.
- The people should know the exact situation of the present situation in Bangladesh. In addition, they should know about their duties and responsibilities towards the nation to solve the problem.
Stopping polygamy:
- Polygamy should be stopped in the society. There must be a need to setup a rule by government.
- The rule must be like this that one person cannot marry more than once, The traditions of some aristocratic families should be stopped.
Changing of Religious Concepts:
- There are many orthodox people in the country.
- They have many superstitions according to religion about birth controlling. The
- opinion of these orthodox people should be changed.
Media and Advertisements:
- Media and advertisement has a great role of preventing over population.
- Different types of dramas, cinemas, Short films can show the real picture of over population in the country.
- In addition, there can be important message regarding child taking and family planning.
Government Rules:
- The government should look on the matter more carefully. The government should take some important and mandatory steps to stop over population.
- The law of the country should be re organized according to the present situation of the country.
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