Today our topic of discussion is Procedure of Urine Testing.
Procedure of Urine Testing
Procedure
Sugar Test
- Take test tube and fix in holder
- Pour 5 mL of Benedict’s solution into test tube
- Light spirit lamp and heat
- Benedict solution till it boils
- Holding test tube mouth facing away from nurse
- Add 8 drops of urine using dropper and allow boiling for few seconds
- Put off flame and cool test tube under running water.
Observations
- Blue: Nil
- Green: + Yellow: ++
- Orange: +++
- Brick red: ++++
Albumin Test
A hot test
- Fill 2/3 of test tube with urine, secure test tube holder at very top
- Heat the upper third of test tube over flame If there is precipitation, it denotes the presence of wither protein or phosphate
- Add 2-4 drops of 2 percent acetic acid If precipitate dissolves it is due to phosphates present in normal urine
- If precipitate does not dissolve it denotes presence of albumin.
Observation
- Trace:+ Cloudy: ++ (100 mg/dL)
- Thick cloudiness: +++ (500 g/dL).
Cold Test
- Pour a small quantity of nitric acid or sulfosalicylic acid 3 percent in to a clean test tube
- Allow equal quantity of urine to trickle down the sides of the test tube
- If albumin present, a white precipitate will be seen where two fluids meet.
Urine pH.
- Collect and keep ready with urine sample.
- Dip litmus strip in urine and keep for one minute
- Note color change
- Discard strip into container for infected waste.
Urine Specific Gravity
- Fill 3/4 of jar with urine
- Gently place urinometer into jar
- When urinometer stops bobbing
- Read specific gravity directly from scale marked on calibrated stem of urinometer
- Make sure that instrument floats freely and does not touch sides of jar
- Read scale at lowest point of meniscus to ensure an accurate reading at eye level.
Rothera’s Test (Acetone)
- Take 2 cm depth of ammonium sulfate crystals in a small test tube
- Add equal volume of urine and one crystal of sodium nitroprusside
- Close the test tube with a cork and shake the test tube
- Take liquor ammonia and add it to the urine, trickling through the sides
- Read the results immediately.
Observations
If acetone is present permanganate purple colored ring is formed at the junction of urine and ammonia.
Hays Test (Bile Salts)
- Take a test tube, half full of urine
- Sprinkle sulfur powder on the surface of the urine
- If the powder sinks down to the test tube, it indicates the presence of bile salts.
Smith’s Test (Bile Pigments)
- Fill 3/4 of test tube with urine
- Add iodine drops along the sides of the tube, so as to form a layer on the surface of the urine
- A green color at the junction of the two liquids indicates the presence of bile pigments.
After Care
- Discard the urine in the sluice room
- Wash the test tube with soap and water
- Dry the tube, holder and urinometer with jar
- Replace the article after cleaning
- Wash hands thoroughly
- Record the procedure in the nurses’ record sheet and dietetic chart.
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