Relationship between social science and psychology – Behavioral sciences explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioral interactions between organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through the study of the past, controlled and naturalistic observation of the present and disciplined scientific experimentation and modeling.
It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation. Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society.
Relationship between social science and psychology
Sociology is a Science
1. Sociology is one of the members of the family of Social sciences. As a young social science, it has acquired a distinct status for itself. Its importance and practice usefulness are widely recognized today.
2. Like all other social sciences, sociology also is concerned with the life and activities of man. It studies the nature and character of human society, and also its origin, and development, structure and functions. It analyses the group life of man and examines the bonds of social unity.
3. Sociology tries to determine the relationship and inter dependence between different elements of social life, between the moral and the religious, the economic and political, the intellectual and the philosophical and the artistic and the aesthetic, the scientific and the technological, and non-material and so on.
4. Sociology also discovers the fundamental conditions of social stability and social change. It analysis the influence of economic, political, technological, cultural and other forces and factors on man and his life. It endeavors to examine the influence of biological and geographic factors on man also. It throws more light on barrier social problems like poverty, beggary, over population, crime, unemployment, etc.
Relationship between Pure Science and Sociology
Sociology is a pure science, not an applied one.
Because the immediate goal of sociology is the acquisition of knowledge about human society, not the utilization of that knowledge.
Pure science is a search for knowledge, without primary concern for its practical use. Knowledge for knowledge sake is the main aim of a pure scientist. Scientists, who seek knowledge for its own sake, no more moved by the question of its utility like the mother and the father who protect and nourish their children without expecting anything in return.
Parents commonly love their children without calculating their usefulness. Many students/researchers of science feel much the same thing about their work. Pure sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Botany, Physiology, Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology etc.) are concerned with the advancement of knowledge.
Their main aim is to investigate the underlying principles of the natural and social world which sustain and change the natural and social order. They are not concerned with the practical application of their results or curing the immediate ills of our natural or social order. The goal of each natural science, including sociology, is the formulation of scientific laws. So we can say that sociology a pure science.
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Sociology and Psychology
Relationship between Sociology and Psychology
Psychology is the science of mental process or mind. It studies particularly the human experiences and the behavior. Social psychology is one of the subdivisions of sociology, which is the combinations of psychology and sociology. Sociology and psychology are both involved in solving the exist social problems.
Sociology helps psychology and psychology helps sociology. Thus, they are interrelated in many respects .Besides social psychology studies individuals social behavior. Social psychology serves the bridge between psychology and sociology. It deals with mental process of man considering him as a social being.
Humanistic psychology was developed in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. By using phenomenology, inter subjectivity and first-person categories, the humanistic approach sought to glimpse the whole person not just the fragmented parts of the personality or cognitive functioning. Humanism focused on fundamentally and uniquely human issues, such as individual free will, personal growth, self-actualization, self-identity, death, aloneness, freedom, and meaning.
The humanistic approach was distinguished by its emphasis on subjective meaning, rejection of determinism, and concern for positive growth rather than pathology. Some of the founders of the humanistic school of thought were American psychologists Abraham Maslow, who formulated a hierarchy of human needs, and Carl Rogers, who created and developed client-centered therapy.
Difference between Sociology and Psychology:
Sociology
1. Sociology is general science.
2. Sociology studies the society from sociological point of view.
3. It analyses social process.
4. The scope of sociology is wider as it studies all aspects of human beings and society.
5. Sociology studies social organizations and institutions with their social relationships.
6. Experimental method is rarely used in sociology.
Psychology
1. Psychology is particular science.
2. Psychology studies the individual behavior.
3. It analyses mental process.
4. The scope of physiology is comparatively narrower as it studies only the mental aspects of society.
5. Physiology studies individual as the members of society.
6. Experimental method is mostly used in Psychology.
Sociology and History
Relationships Between Sociology and History
Sociology and history are much interrelated with each other. History is the branch of the social science which deals with the records of past events. Historical sociology is the discipline which is concern with the study of social phenomena, social process and so forth in the past. It is also called social history.
Sociology is the study of society while history seeks to establish the sequence in which events occurs in the past. Like historian sociologist are concerns with the relationship between events. occurring more or less at the same time. In this context, history supplies the material sociology as well as sociology gives the social background for the study of history. It is further said that history would be meaningless without explaining socially significant events.
Difference between Sociology and History:
Sociology
1. Sociology is interested in the study of the present social phenomena with all their complexities.
2. Sociology is relatively a young social science. It has very short history of its own. It is not even two centuries old.
3. Sociology is an analytical science
4. Sociology is abstract in nature.
5. Sociology is a generalizing science
6. Sociology follows the sociological approach.
History
1. History deals with the past events of man. It is silent regarding the present.
2. But history is an age-old social science. It has a long story of 2000 years or even more.
3. history is a descriptive science
4. History is concrete.
5. History is an individualizing science.
6. History studies human events in accordance with the time and order. Its approach is historical.
Sociology and Economics
Relationships between Sociology and Economics
Sociology and Economics as social sciences have close relations. Relationship between the two is so close that one is often treated as the branch of the other, because society is greatly influenced by economic factors, and economic processes are largely determined by the environment of the society.
Economics deals with the economic activities of man. It deals with production, consumption and distribution of wealth. The economic factors play a vital role in the very aspect of our social life. Total development of individual depends very much on economic factors. Without economic conditions, the study of society is quite impossible.
All the social problems are directly connected with the economic conditions of the people. That is why Marshall defines Economics as “on one side the study of wealth and on the other and more important side a part of the study of man.”
In the same way Economics is influenced by Sociology. Without the social background the study of Economics is quite impossible. Sociologists have contributed to the study of different aspects of economic organization. Property system, division of labor, occupations etc. are provided by a sociologist to an economist.
The area of co-operation between Sociology and Economics is widening. Economists are more and more making use of the sociological concepts in the study of economic problems… Economists are working with the sociologists in their study of the problems of economic.o development in underdeveloped countries. Combined efforts of both the experts may be of great i practical help in meeting the challenges.
Difference between Sociology and Economics
Sociology
1. Sociology is the general science
2. Sociology is abstract in nature
3. Sociology considers human as social being
4. The scope of sociology is wider. As it is considered with all social relationship
5. Sociology is a young science as its history is short
6. Sociology studies human in sociological prospective
Economics
1. Economics is particular science
2. Economics is concrete in nature
3. Economics considers human as Economics being
4. The scope of economics is comparatively narrower as it is concerned only with economic activities
5. Economics is old aged science as it has a long history
6. Economics studies human in economical prospective
Sociology and Anthropology
Relationships between Sociology and Anthropology
Anthropology is a general science like sociology. ‘The word anthropology’ is derived from two Greek words, ‘anthropos’ and ‘logos’ meaning the study of man. More precisely, it is defined by Kroeber as the science of man and his works and behavior. Anthropology is concerned not with particular man but with man in-group with races and peoples and their happenings and doings.
Anthropology looks at humanity (generally) from the perspective of examining the past in terms of what we can infer from the historical and archeological record. Sociology seeks to understand human interactions from the perspective of how individuals relate to one another from the micro (two people, small groups) to the macro (large groups, societies). Sociology, to a certain degree can make predictions about how individuals will interact with one another, based on past data.
It can also help to explain why societies (or groups of individuals) act in a particular way. It differs from Anthropology in that it deals with the interactions of groups of individuals as the basis of its study, whereas Anthro deals with the whole of a society; it’s artifacts, it’s history, as well as the physical and environmental conditions that humans existed in at the time.
It offers a much broader view, and calls upon the study of Sociology when attempting to understand how and why people in a given society interacted based on the evidence available. (But there are other profound differences, as well).
Sociology and Political Science
Relationships between Sociology and Political Science
Sociology and political science have been very closely related to each other till recently. According to Morris Ginsberg “Historically, Sociology has its main roots in politics and philosophy of history.” The main works on social subjects such as Plato’s Republic, the Politics of Aristotle and other classical works were meant to be complete treatise on political science.
Sociology studies the various social activities and social relationships of human beings. Whereas political Science studies the political activities are also conducted within the society as it deals with the political organizations, there principles and their activities. It is also said that political science is incomplete without the study of sociological background. The state, government, nature of government organs, law and order, etc. are determined by social progress.
In this context, the root ground of both sociology and Political Science are society. “Historically, sociology has its main roots in Politics and Philosophy of history” – Gins Berg
Differences between Sociology and Political Science
Sociology
1. Sociology is the general Science.
2. Sociology explains why and how human become social being
3. Sociology studies both organized and unorganized community
4. Its scope is winder as it studies the whole sociology
5. It studies both conscious and unconscious activities of human beings
6. Sociology is young science which is not even two century long
Political Science
1. Political Science is a particular science.
2. Political Science assumes that human is a political being
3. Political Science studies only the organized community
4. It’s scope is narrow as it studies the state and Government
5. It studies only conscious activities of human beings
6. Political Science is old Science which has very long history
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