Skull and facial bones | CHAPTER 2 | Anatomy and Physiology

Skull and facial bones – The course is designed for the basic understanding of anatomical structures and physiological functions of human body, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, respiratory system; cardiovascular system; urinary system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system, hematologic system, sensory organs, integumentary system, and immune system.
The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and skills regarding anatomy and physiology.

Skull and facial bones

Sutures:-

A suture is an immovable joint in an adult that holds skull bones together. Of the many sutures that are found in the skull, we will identify only fourprominent or principal sutures. They are mentioned below as…

1. The coronal suture: unites the frontal bone and two parietal bones.
2. The sagittal suture: unites the two parietal bones.
3. The lambdoid suture: unites the parietal bones to the occipital bone.
4. The squamous sutures: unite the parietal bones to the temporal bones.

Facial Bones

The shape of the face changes dramatically during the first two years after birth. The brain and cranial bones expand, the teeth form and erupt (emerge), and the paranasal sinuses increase in size.

Growth of the face ceases at about 16 years of age. The paired nasal bones form part of the bridge of the nose. The rest of the supporting tissue of the nose consists of cartilage. The paired maxillae (singular is maxilla) unite to form the upper jawbone and articulate with every bone of the face except the mandible (lower jawbone).

Each maxilla contains a maxillary sinus that empties into the nasal cavity. The alveolarprocess of the maxilla is an arch that contains the alveoli (sockets) for the maxillary (upper) teeth. The maxilla forms the anterior three-quarters of the hard palate, which forms the roof of the mouth.

There are 14 facial bones all except the mandible being united by sutures and immovable.

They are as…

Maxillae——– 2

Zygomatic——–2

Nasal————- 2

Lacrimal ———-2

Palatine ———–2

Inferior turbinates-2

Vomer————- 1

Mandible———- 1

__________________________

Total bones          = 14

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