Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) – This course is designed to understand the care of pregnant women and newborn: antenatal, intra-natal and postnatal; breast feeding, family planning, newborn care and ethical issues, The aim of the course is to acquire knowledge and develop competencies regarding midwifery, complicated labour and newborn care including family planning.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
UTI means urinary tract infection. It is a general term referring to the presence of micro organism in the urine.
or
Infection of the urinary tract is called urinary tract infection (UTI).
Causes of UTI
1. Bacterial Cause –
✓ E. Coli(75%)
✓ Pseudomonas
✓ Staphylococcus
✓ Klebsiella
✓ Enterobactor
2. Fungal cause-
✓ Candida albicans.
3. Parasites
✓ T. Vaginalis
✓ W. bancrofti
Signs & Symptoms (s/s)
1. Typical
✔ Abrupt onset of frequency of micturition
✔ Scalding pain in the urethra during micturition.
✔ Suprapubic pain
✔ Urine cloudy &odour.
✔ Haematuia may be present
2. Atypical
✓ Abdominal pain
✓ Fever may or may not be present
Management of UTI
1.Antibiotic therapy: Cefuroxime 250mg, 12hrly for 7-14 days (pregnancy safe)
2. Adequate intake of plenty of fluid (>2L/day)
3. Regular emptying of bladder (every 3 hrs)
4. Avoiding constipation
5. Maintain good personal hygiene. Specially perineal area
Urinalysis
Urinalysis is the simple testing of the physical characteristics and the composition of fresh urine.
Physical characteristics of urine:
Urine are assessed by viewing a sample of fresh urine for colour, clarity and odour
1. colour-
Colour may range from pale straw to amber colour. Dark colour may indicate concentration- Dark urine may be from haematuria.
2. Clarity-
Urine is usually clear if it is fresh; Cloudy urine may be caused by protein in the urine bacteria in the urine or infection can make the urine appear cloudy.
3. Odour-
The odour becomes stronger when urine is concentrated, infection may cause urine to smell offensive. A sweet odour could indicate ketones.
Problematic signs in urinalysis:
The relevant tests that a urinalysis checks for in antenatal care are the presence of –
➤ Protein- If the urinalysis shows protein, it may be a sign of –
- Urinary tract infection.
- Signs of preeclampsia etc
➤ Glucose- If the urinalysis shows glucose, it may be a sign of-
- High circulating blood levels of glucose
- Diabetes, etc.
➤ Ketones- If the urinalysis shows ketones. It may be a sign of –
- Fat breakdown to produce glucose
- Vomiting
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Starvation.
[Ref-DMW, Lesson plan volume 1]
MSU (Mid-Stream urine)
An mid- stream urine is a sample that specimen is tested by a laboratory. An MSU is done to detect bacteria in the urine that may cause an infection and decide the best antibiotic. MSU collect from middle urine not first or last part of urine that comes out without any skin touching.
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