Today our topic of discussion is Guidelines for Physical Examination.
Guidelines for Physical Examination
Guidelines for Physical Examination
- Physical examination proceeds in a logical, orderly fashion. The approach commonly used by examiners follows a head to toe system of organization so that findings are complete.
- Successful physical assessment requires the nurse to be knowledgeable of both the techniques and the parameters of normal client findings.
- Preparation of the environment includes private, quiet and comfortable position. The environment is neither too warm nor too cool.
- Preparation of equipment is assembled and available before the examination is begun. The nurse practices picking up equipment, holding it in the position of used, making adjustments and assembling and disassembling.
- Preparation of the client: The examination begins with a child on parent’s knee.
- Prepare the infant and parent physically and psychologically for the physical examination.
Equipment Needed
Equipment used for physical examination are thermometer, oto-ophthalmoscope, tongue depressor, lubricant, stethoscope, reflex hammer, disposable gloves, cotton applicator stick, tuning fork, and flashlight.
Measuring of Vital Signs in Children
Temperature
- Oral temperature is considered as the reference temperature and is taken by placing the clinical thermometer under the tongue.
- In children below 5 years, skin temperature or rectal temperature can be taken. Never leave the child alone when taking temperature.
- For security, safety and accuracy keep one hand on the thermometer when it is in place and record in the chart.
Pulse
- The pulse should be recorded when child is at rest or during sleep. Crying, activity and anxiety may increase the pulse rate.
- Radial pulse is usually recorded by placing middle and index fingers gently over the outer side of forearm just above the wrist. It should be recorded for full one minute by watch.
- Record accurately the following-rate, rhythm, strength of beat and activity of child at time pulse is taken. Record and report immediately if there are any changes in the pulse.
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